Margaret Sanger Essay - 1428 Words

Margaret Sanger The early twentieth century was a turning point in American history-especially in regards to the acquisition of womens rights. While the era was considered to be prosperous and later thought to be a happy-go-lucky time, in actuality, it was a time of grave social conflict and human suffering (Parish, 110). Among those who endured much suffering were women. As Margaret Sanger found out, women, especially those who were poor, had no choice regarding pregnancy. The only way not to get pregnant was by not having sex- a choice that was almost always the husbands. This was even more true in the case of lower-class men for whom, sex was the poor mans only luxury (Douglas, 31). As a nurse who assisted in delivering†¦show more content†¦While her book was considered obscene, lewd and lascivious material (Gray, 43), Sanger was convinced that education about these topics were necessary. Through the publishing of What Every girl Should Know, Margaret Sanger demons trated to common women, to her adversaries, and to the government that women deserve the right to learn about and understand their bodies. In addition to What Every Girl Should Know, Sanger created other propaganda, which informed women that they deserved the right to prevent births. The purpose of her first publication of this type, a magazine called The Woman Rebel, was to inspire women to demand rights. She wanted to stimulate working women to think for themselves and to build up a conscience, fighting character (Douglas, 50). In each issue of the Rebel, she discussed topics such as child labor, women and children in industry, health and cultural opportunities. She believed that women must determine her own maternity-This was the most precious freedom (Douglas, 50). Following The Woman Rebel, Sanger wrote a pamphlet called Family Limitations. In this pamphlet, Sanger discussed such topics as the use of condoms, the importance of douches, and the practice of coitus interrup ts or withdrawal (Whitelaw-Every, 50). For this informational writing, Sanger called a heinous criminal who sought to turn every home into a brothel andShow MoreRelatedMargaret Sanger s Margaret Louise Sanger1131 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biography, â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† (2007), Margaret was born on September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York. She was born to her parents, Anne Purcell and Michael Hennessey Higgins, who were Irish Catholic Immigrants. Shortly after the birth of her eleventh child, Anne Purcell died from tuberculosis; Margaret was nineteen (â€Å"The Pill† n.d.). While Margaret was the sixth of eleven children, she and her first husband, William Sanger, had three children together (â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† 2007). AfterRead MoreMargaret Sanger : Margaret Sanger And Womens Rights Movement1370 Words   |  6 Pagesbattle between modernism and traditionalism(Zeitz). Margaret Sanger was born on September 14, 1879, in Corning New York. She was the sixth child out of 11. As she grew up, she witnessed the death of her mother from giving birth and she saw so many children living in poverty. To escape the torture she moved out with her older sister at a very young age and started helping to educate the immigrants children.While living with her sister Margaret became a part-time nurse at the womens ward. She wasRead More margaret sanger Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"one girl revolution†. Though Margaret Sangers revolution may be even more controversial now than during her 50-year career of national and international battles, her opinions can teach us many lessons. Due to her strong influence in history, our society has increased health awareness for women, made sexual protection a choice for all people, and also introduced family modification as a choice for mankind. Having gone through the hardships that she did, Margaret Sanger developed her own theories andRead MoreThe Fight For Contraceptives By Margaret Sanger1201 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Sanger, a New York and an active feminist, led the fight for contraceptives, which are methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Sanger, whose mother at a young age because she had birthed eleven children, helped shape her into a very individualistic and assertive woman. She was a part of the Socialist party, while studying to be a nurse, and starting a family of her own. In 1912, she began to work in the slums with the poor immigrant women who lived there. Her experience in the slums withRead MoreMaking A Change : Margaret Sanger1713 Words   |  7 PagesMaking a Change: Margaret Sanger’s 1925 Speech Margaret Sanger’s, The Children’s Era, exudes knowledge on how contraceptives and birth-control will create a better world for the children. This paper conducts a Neo-Aristotelian analysis of Margaret Sanger’s 1925 speech. It contributes to rhetorical theory by advancing knowledge of how rhetors create a consensus on the use of birth-control and contraceptives. The paper proceeds first by establishing the context of the speech, which will include theRead MoreInformative Speech : Margaret Sanger1091 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Topic: Margaret Sanger General Purpose: To inform of one of Times 100 people who changed the world Specific Purpose: To inform of the impact of Margaret Sanger Thesis: Margaret Sanger changed the world by rallying for the availability and use of contraceptives for all women. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not beRead MoreThe Birth Control Of Margaret Sanger Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1917, Margaret Sanger was arrested for distributing contraception pessirie to a immigrant women. Margaret Sanger, was a nurse, mother, sex educator, writer and most importantly an activist. Sanger, fought for women’s rights which one of the main one was to legalize birth control in America. During the process of fighting Sanger establish the American Birth Control League, now called Planned Parenthood. Sanger fund money to Grisworld the created of the hormonal birth control pill the dream of SangerRead MoreThe Birth Control Of Margaret Sanger2106 Words   |  9 Pageschildren would be lucky to be fed yet alone college educated. This is all because one woman, Margaret Sanger, devoted her life to this cause. This research paper will address who Margaret Sanger was, why birth control meant so much to her and how she devoted her life to its cause and creation. According to Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America, by Ellen Chesler, Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York as a middle child with eleven other siblings in a poor VictorianRead MoreMargaret Sanger s Life And Life1272 Words   |  6 Pages Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York on September 14, 1879 [3] as Margaret Louise Higgins. [1] Her father, Michael Higgins, originally studied phrenology and other medical practices, but eventually moved to being a stone cutter. Her mother, Anne Higgins, was born in Ireland, and her family moved to Canada during the Potato Famine. In 1869 Michael married Anne and she went through 18 pregnancies, only 11 of which lived. [3] Margaret was the sixth child in this long line and spent herRead More Biography of Margaret Sanger Essay5092 Words   |  21 PagesBiography of Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger founded a movement in this country that would institute such a change in the course of our biological history that it is still debated today. Described by some as a radiant rebel, Sanger pioneered the birth control movement in the United States at a time when Victorian hypocrisy and oppression through moral standards were at their highest. Working her way up from a nurse in New Yorks poor Lower East Side to the head of the Planned Parenthood Federation

Synthesis Paper on Gay Marriage - 1240 Words

Caroline Treinen Ms. Pajer English 101 Synthesis Essay Who are we to dictate who someone loves? The definition of love is the action that two people share. The definition does not say love only occurs between a man and a woman. The article, â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† is an argument against gay marriage. The author, John Thavis, claims that homosexuals are just struggling to find themselves and that same-sex marriage disrupts the normal sexuality and fertility of a couple. In â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, Kristin Kenneavy discusses how religious outlooks influence a family’s beliefs on same sex marriage. The two articles show the different views on gay marriage by†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† Cardinal Ratzinger asserts that â€Å"recent legislative proposals for gay marriage are part of a larger modern rupture between sexuality and fertility.† He is stating that gay marriage could destroy the status quo of marriage. He argues that normal marriage is a man and a woman uniting as one, not a man and a man or a woman and a woman. A man and a woman are meant to be together not only for physical purposes, but also for moral ones. There is no way that two men or two women could be together morally because it is not in the Bible. He states that homosexuals are considered people who are suffering and want to find their way, but making gay marriage legal doesn’t really help these people. Ratzinger said that â€Å"this is a trend that separates us from all the great culture of humanity, which have always recognized the particular significance of sexuality: that a man and a woman are created to jointly be the guarantee of the future of humanity.† On the other hand, in â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, the author states â€Å"traditional gender role attitudes and support for homosexu als’ civil liberties are found to negatively co-vary over time.† Religious attitudes differ in both their approaches to the roles of men and women in family settings and their approach towards homosexuality. The author explains that typical household is a male, whoShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of America s Long Tradition And Definition Of Manliness1686 Words   |  7 Pagesas James Jones once said to a Life interviewer.† (Theroux2). This is the foundation of why men act the way they do, it is why they are called men. Paul gives the idea that men are killing machines that always carry a knife, not a pen or a piece of paper; these men hunt and kill out in the wilderness or jungle not the office; and these men are the king of the animal kingdom. Although Paul deems those traits as being a man, he does not follow them. Paul Theroux’s personal key term of being manlyRead MoreThe Diversity Of Human Population2190 Words   |  9 Pagesthere has been an increase in cases of gay people in America, and the world over. Debate rages whether being gay is caused by hormones, genes, social and environmental factors or a combination of all these factors. Regardless of the cause, the general population is gradually accepting the gay community in the population (Katz, 2012). Although there is still a stigma associated with this particular minority group, studies show that it s more favorable being gay now than it was ten years ago. This essayRead More1. Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words   |  15 PagesBridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and herRead MoreBiological Explanations of Homosexuality2341 Words   |  10 PagesBiological Explanations for Homosexuality Katherine Callan Opening This paper is aimed to address the question of whether homosexuality is biologically based. This topic is quite relevant today because homosexuality is a huge civil rights issue which is also conflicting with the church s moral standards. While many religious bodies claim that homosexuality is a choice and a sin, many in the homosexual community have strongly refuted that claim, instead saying they were born this way andRead MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 PagesContextual | Cognitive process | Descriptive | Phenomenon registering | Phenomena in space | Perceptions in space | Narrative | Action recording | Phenomena in time | Perceptions in time | Expository | Phenomenon identifying linking | Analysis\synthesis of concepts | Comprehension of concepts | Argumentative | Negative quality attributing | Relations between concepts | Judging | Instructive | Action demanding | Future behaviour | Planning | 1.5 Biber’s text types Biber’s typology(1989) isRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesi s ANALYSIS External environment General environment Industry environment Competitor environment Internal environment Statements of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Alternatives Evaluations of alternatives Implementation SYNTHESIS In the analysis stage, you should ï ¬ rst analyse the general external environmental issues affecting the ï ¬ rm. Next, your environmental analysis should focus on the particular industry (or industries, in the case of a diversiï ¬ ed company) in whichRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesunderlying theoretical dimensions nor methodological approach to be employed. With the recognition of different approaches to organization theory, there is a widely perceived need to bring some order to the field. This textbook offers a well-integrated synthesis of approaches to organization theory. It will be welcomed by organization theory scholars and reflective practitioners and is a valuable companion for scholars and students of organization theory. Henk W. Volberda, Chair of the Department of StrategicRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexploration of attitudes and values. 5. Student motivation is increased, especially in adult learners. xviii PREFACE 6. Students receive immediate feedback from their instructor and peers. 7. Students are involved in higher order thinking (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). Our goals in writing this book were to bridge the academic realm of theory and research and the organizational realm of effective practice, and to help students consistently translate proven principles from both realms into personalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesEdition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publicationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshave healthier, happier marriages) and the right (a traditional male working, wife at home family structure is best) are wrong. Still, this is a complex issue, and research on it continues. What about whether the husband works outside the home? Historically, this was quite unusual, but it is becoming increasingly common— wives are now the primary breadwinner in 22 percent of U.S. couples, up from 7 percent in 1970. There is some evidence that men are less healthy and marriages are more likely to fail

Transformative Leadership in Education †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Transformative Leadership in Education. Answer: Introduction This essay talks about the importance of leadership and teams in public school education. Leaderships has been identified as a key strategy for leading the team. The role of an efficient leader is to motivate the team, build the confidence of the team and adopt innovative measures to promote the interests of the team. Transformational leadership has been identified as inspiring the team and motivating them to deliver their best performance through communication of the vision. In this context, the essay explores the current trend in leadership and team in the field of public education in Australia. The next section of the paper proposes recommendations that are indispensable for the leader of the public school. It has been discussed that the leader needs to adopt a collaborative approach for maintaining the stability of the team. Literature review on team leadership has mostly talked about the importance of functional leadership pertaining to the teams. Efficient team leaders have been identified as those individuals who is ready to step into the shoes of any role given to the person (Harmon, 2015). The rudimentary role of the leader is to identify the functions that are absent in the team and therefore, there is a need to compensate. Literatures have mostly concentrated on the traditional perspective of leadership by highlighting the contributions of the leader. The education system in Australia has a self-reliant, self-managed and self-identification process that will inspire the aspiring leaders to pave their own path (McCleskey, 2014). This journey can be problematic as the candidates are motivated, experience and have the ability to seek leadership positions (Hargreaves Fullan, 2014). The journey can be full of hurdles and obstacles in a situation that include absence of support. Leadership process begi ns at the early stage of career and four stages have been identified in this context. These stages are formation, accession, incumbency and divestiture. The accession stage is exemplified by the identification of the capacity of the individual to lead the team within the institutional boundaries, processes and structures (Savery, 2015). The divestiture and incumbency occurs at the stage of when the aspirant seeks to take on a leadership position. When it comes to leadership aspirations there have been mixed findings in the Australian Research (Kezar, Chambers Burkhardt, 2015). Studies have shown that although there is a reluctance to take on the role of principals but there have been interest from the teachers to take on the role of principals. A study conducted by McKenzie et al. reported that 1.4 per cent of the teachers wish to apply for the position of teachers and 7.1 per cent for the position of deputy principal positions (Fitch, 2013). There is considerable reluctance to bec ome a school principal but when it comes to becoming a schoolteacher, there were more enthusiasm from the participants. Studies have shown that middle-level school leaders are dependant on the roles that are constructed and given impetus by the senior-level school leaders based on their capacities, attitudes and abilities. According to Marion Gonzales, (2013), middle-level leaders have been identified as important for the success of the school, research have indicated that some are expected to be leaders that inform learning and teaching. However, teachers in the position of leadership have limited opportunity and expectations to exercise any form of leadership. It is reported that successful leadership is established on the principles of support. This teacher finds lacking and because of which, they are motivated enough to take on leadership roles. The courses taught in the university have been instrumental in the preparation, orientation and the development of a leader. It has been reported that tertiary institutions offer a range of leadership programmes to the students enrolled in the post-graduate certificate. In state of Victoria out of nine universities, eight universities have formal courses on teacher educational programmes that offer specialized courses in educational leadership at the level of post-graduation (Pazey Cole, 2013). However, there have been limited interventions in finding out whether the courses have quality and credibility or not. There are hardly any emphasis provided on the courses by the deputy principal and principal selection panels. It has been found that many courses reflect proper organization or an emphasis on core leadership and the management of functions. There is also limited focus on the processes that would encourage the candidates to become successful school leaders. It was reported tha t the course is in consistent with the general leadership as against the preparation for the principalship in the programmes in USA. Gurr Drysdale (2015), have found that education system in Australia has recognized the importance of support and therefore, have therefore, encouraged the development of leadership through the provision of different programmes. These programmes include both formal and informal topics as support programmes coaching, internships, shadowing, mentoring and through support leaves to attend international seminar, symposiums and conferences (Heikka, Waniganayake, Hujala, 2013). These programmes are important on the ground that it provides opportunities to attain formal qualifications through masters level programmes. Government schools conduct their programmes through centre or institute and focus on leaders and aspiring leaders in the different stages of their career. The highlight of these programmes is that these include sponsorships or scholarship for t he attainment of tertiary qualifications. These programmes cover all aspects of leadership teaching and are open to both government and non-government school personnel (Orazi, Turrini Valotti, 2013). These programmes had meaningful impact in the shaping of a leader and reports have been published documenting the developmental journeys of the school leaders that support this initiative. To maintain the high-quality of learning, there have been the incorporation of schooling and teaching that leads to the culmination of a successful leaders who are confident, creative and successful learners and in addition are informed citizens. According to Gurr Drysdale, (2015), there are five central professional practises in relation to leadership, these are developing self-esteem, leading teaching and learning practises, leading improvement, change and innovation, leading the management of the school and engaging with the community). It is to be seen in the future whether these practises are a cceptable, high-quality and are sufficient to form the basis for the effective preparation and development in the context of Australia. In Australia, there is compulsory certification across all the schools to become a principal that includes four-year teaching registration and qualification are considered as the only requirement for school leaders especially in case of public educational institutions. This should not be read as that requirements have not been fulfilled who was interested to opt for the position of the principal. Every system has their own criteria regarding the selection and appointment of school principals. Being a principal in school is no easy task and is bounded by a range of responsibilities. In Australia, the school structure is quite complex. Eight government systems serve about two-thirds of all the students. In the twenty-first century, a principal who is entrusted with the responsibility of school leadership is required to build essential educational and professional skills (Faircloth Tippeconnic, 2013). However, the administrative tasks often dominate and lead to the decline of the functions. Principals need to invest a considerable proportion of their time on the activities and administrative tasks that includes monitoring and supervising the human resources along with the physical resources. Principals have to endure cumbersome amount of tasks and hardly find time for decision-making the educational activities (Van Knippenberg Sitkin, 2013). The central challenge faced by the principal in the execution of the duty is being overburdened with administrative tasks and therefo re, facing difficulty in the consolidation of tasks. That would promote effective school leadership. This further leads to an increase in the complexity in the activities of the principal. In a situation, where keeping up with the external demands become all the more difficult, there emerges several cases of fragmentation (Eacott, 2013). It has been recognized that the main function of the principal would to identify catalyze organizational learning in the schools. The highlight of organizational learning is that it promotes effective leadership in schools. In the context of educational reforms, effective leadership in schools have been a cause of major concern among the scholars since the 2000s. Education system in these countries are considered in terms of the performance on the basis of their evaluation through tests like TIMSS and PISA. Educational reforms have also shown that the educational reforms that is promoted through 2000s demonstrate that the effective leadership of pri ncipals have a value. The other challenges that have rose from the diversity of education systems in 2000s are the parameters of decentralization and independence in regard to school leadership. Countries have promoted greater dependence in the last few years and this had negative effects on the responsibilities and functions of the leader. Greater autonomy rendered to the leaders leads to a condition where they can exercise transformational leadership. Therefore, in the present years, there has been greater emphasis on decentralization, parental and community control and shared decision-making (Tummers Knies, 2013). The notion behind accountability and independence are the conduits of meeting the fundamental needs in a much more effective manner. These transformations have implications on the function of the school leader. Transformational leadership style has a positive impact on the performance of the team. Transformational leadership emphasizes on the dimensions leaders communi cation style. Therefore, leaders will communicate differently to the team members and would direct their attention and focus in different ways. Leaders who underscore on the importance of motivational communication are inclined towards an excellent vision for the future of the tea, where the team members would work as a community. Inspirational motivation also have the propensity to emphasize on the abilities of the team, by asserting that the team is in competition with other teams. The development of leadership quality is time-consuming and demands considerable action. In the light of Australia, the development and preparation of leaders are dependent on the self-management and self-identification that steers the individuals to decide whether they want to pursue leadership opportunities and later seek out to the experiences and support of others (Eacott, 2013). Leadership and team processes are intertwined and this have a bearing on the collective performance. In other words, leadership performances processes determine the performance of the team and influence the processes for the development of an effective leader. This intertwining between leadership and team performance has implications on one another. This may also jeopardize the team performance. At the complex level, team processes and leadership of the team are integrated and set the boundaries of each process to be fair and distinct. Such conceptualizations receive the multilevel nature of the membersh ip of the team but it hardly makes any effort to make a distinction between teamwork and leadership. Recommendations for the future practise It is important to realize that being a leader in a public educational institution is fraught with responsibilities and demands sophisticated skills and a thorough understanding of the responsibilities. The school leader needs to understand their responsibility towards the school. They should advocate for the school and maximize the opportunities for the teachers and the students. The leader of the public school needs to adopt a leadership responsibility through integration of local educational solutions, aspirations and understanding the requirements of the parents. The leader of the public school need to work for the interest of the various stakeholders in the education system and the wider community (Bao, Wang, Larsen Morgan, 2013). This duality is important and may lead to tensions of being a leader who is in charge of a public school. The leader or the principal persistently need to strike a balance that would range between the interests of all the students studying in the scho ol and at the same time marinating the prospects of the students. A school leader needs to maintain and contribute to the sustenance of high-quality teaching and thereby make a meaningful impact in the learning outcome of the students. The strength of the leader lies in successfully leading a team and inspiring them to deliver their best performance. The leader needs to master the art of leading through the creation of a teaching culture that promotes premium-quality teaching that fosters critical thinking and excellence among the teachers. The teachers or the team should be inspired to personalize the instruction so as to cater to the distinctive and unique needs of each children. The team should be motivated to expand their knowledge base and aspire to become better teachers and role model for the children. The leader need to continuously coordinate with the team with the aim to create a high-performance culture in school and contribute to a learning community founded on the value s of professionalism and excellence (Van Oord, 2013). The principals need to develop mutually beneficial relationships with the various services and communication agencies. Innovation is the key success, therefore, the school leader needs to innovate by enhancing the flexibility through the incorporation of changes that would equip the students better to deal with their future. The leader needs to encourage the schools adopt their innovative strategies and encourage them to eliminate obstacles. The leader should inspire the team to usher in productive changes (Berkovich, 2014). The priority of the school would be to learn from each other. This would allow them to mould to different conditions and innovations according to their required contexts. The leader needs to ensure that there is a rethinking of the current schooling system and there is the adoption of different modes of delivery of service based on the requirements of the students (Tummers Knies, 2013). Leaders play an impor tant role in the building of positive relationships through partnership. Through this endeavour, the learning outcome and achievement of the students will be maximized in case of shared understandings and open communication. The leader needs to emphasize on the development of relationships outside the confines of the school premises. The importance of this would be to bring in transformation in the roles and functions of schools and make them the bastion of community values (Paulsen, 2016). Leaders need to be open-minded and seize the opportunities that would be in consonance with the interest of the schools. The leaders should strive to build in partnerships with the local government, industry and the business, government and non-government social actors along with different educational agencies that would promote the capacity of schools to meet with the requirements of the students. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that in Australia there is the provision of conferences, symposiums and seminars that provide an opportunity for the leaders to grow them and master the art of leadership. Leaders in public schools are overburdened with administrative tasks that preclude them from realising their full potential. Transformational leadership has been identified as the key to leading a team successfully. The aim of this kind of leadership is to inspire the team to deliver their best performance. The recommendation for schools would be develop innovative strategies that would motivate the team to create a culture of good teaching. Teachers should feel motivated to expand their horizon of knowledge and inspire the students to realize their full potential. The principal needs to coordinate with different stakeholders in the execution of duties and work like a community in achieving the vision of the school. The schools should prioritize learning from each other and the adopti on of innovative techniques for leading the team. References Bao, G., Wang, X., Larsen, G. L., Morgan, D. F. (2013). Beyond new public governance: A value-based global framework for performance management, governance, and leadership.Administration Society,45(4), 443-467. Berkovich, I. (2014). A socio-ecological framework of social justice leadership in education.Journal of Educational Administration,52(3), 282-309. Eacott, S. (2013). Leadership and the social: time, space and the epistemic.International journal of educational management,27(1), 91-101. Eacott, S. (2013). Towards a theory of school leadership practice: A Bourdieusian perspective.Journal of Educational Administration and History,45(2), 174-188. Faircloth, S. C., Tippeconnic III, J. W. (2013). Leadership in Indigenous education: Challenges and opportunities for change.American Journal of Education,119(4), 481-486. Fitch, K. (2013). A disciplinary perspective: The internationalization of Australian public relations education.Journal of Studies in International Education,17(2), 136-147. Gurr, D., Drysdale, L. (2015). An Australian perspective on school leadership preparation and development: credentials or self-management?.Asia Pacific Journal of Education,35(3), 377-391. Hargreaves, A., Fullan, M. (2014). Capital profesional.Madrid: Morata. Harmon, G. (2015). Australia as an higher education exporter.International Higher Education, (42). Heikka, J., Waniganayake, M., Hujala, E. (2013). Contextualizing distributed leadership within early childhood education: Current understandings, research evidence and future challenges.Educational Management Administration Leadership,41(1), 30-44. Kezar, A., Chambers, A. C., Burkhardt, J. C. (Eds.). (2015).Higher education for the public good: Emerging voices from a national movement. John Wiley Sons. Marion, R., Gonzales, L. D. (2013).Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland press. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Orazi, D. C., Turrini, A., Valotti, G. (2013). Public sector leadership: new perspectives for research and practice.International Review of Administrative Sciences,79(3), 486-504. Paulsen, M. B. (2016).Higher education: Handbook of theory and research(Vol. 31). J. C. Smart (Ed.). Springer. Pazey, B. L., Cole, H. A. (2013). The role of special education training in the development of socially just leaders: Building an equity consciousness in educational leadership programs.Educational Administration Quarterly,49(2), 243-271. Savery, J. R. (2015). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions.Essential readings in problem-based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard S. Barrows,9, 5-15. Tummers, L. G., Knies, E. (2013). Leadership and meaningful work in the public sector.Public Administration Review,73(6), 859-868. Van Knippenberg, D., Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismatictransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 1-60. Van Oord, L. (2013). Towards transformative leadership in education.International journal of leadership in education,16(4), 419-434.

The Crucible Essays (1058 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible The Crucible The play, The Crucible, is one with a vast amount of strength, and intelligence. The play is one in which a small suburban town in Massachusetts is overtaken by the devil, and witchcraft. It accurately retells the historic happenings of what the town of Salem, Massachusetts, went through during the spring of 1692. In this play, many if not all, of the characters make some sort of sacrifice cracter that sacrifices many more substantial things to him, which dramatically changes the course of the play, is John Proctor. In the play, John Proctor sacrificed: his word to Abigail to never tell anyone about their secret affair, his family, and he sacrificed his life to keep his name good in the town. John Proctor sacrificed many very meaningful things, which were ever so dear to him. In the play, The Crucible, John Proctor sacrificed his word to Abigail, to never tell anyone about their affair. While being married to a beautiful wife, Elizabeth, and having children, John Proctor goes and cheats on Elizabeth by having a secret affair with Abigail. John and Abigail had always kept this little secret to themselves and had not told a soul about it. However, when Abigail charges Elizabeth with witchcraft, in order to get closer to John so she can have him, John explains to Abigail that she must drop the charges on Elizabeth, or he will tell the whole town about their affair and it will destroy her well-known, clean, name. To prove this point, John warns Abigail, I will prove you for the fraud you are! (152) John also explains to her, to further her understanding, ?I say I will! If you can still hear, hear this! Can you hear! You will tell the court you are blind to spirits; you cannot see them anymore, and you will never cry witchery again, or I will make you famous f or the whore you are! (152) Also once the court found out that Elizabeth was pregnant with John's baby, they let her go anyway for one year, but they would recapture her again after that one-year was up. Abigail never dropped the charges on Elizabeth so in return, John told the whole town about their affair. John Proctor sacrificed his family. John got fed up with all that everyone was saying about witchcraft and the devil so out of sheer frustration, while in court one day, John shouts out at the top of his lungs I say--- say---God is dead! (119) By saying this, John is instantly sent to jail. After thinking in jail for a short time, he is presented with a disposition. In this disposition, he has to confess that he saw the devil and he was overtaken by witchcraft. If he signs the disposition, then he will be released from jail and let free. However, if he chooses not to sign this disposition, he will be hung. This disposition was then to be hung on the church door for the whole town to see, and act as an incentive for the rest of the townspeople's who have been a victim of witchcraft to come forth and confess for their crime. However John did not want this to happen, he just wanted to confess in words and keep it between him, his wife, the judge's, and the other few onlookers, but they would not allow that. To prove that John Proctor confessed in words, signed the disposition, but would not let them keep it, No, no. I have signed it. You have seen me. It is done! You have no need for this! (142) John felt that his confession in words was just as good as the signed disposition, I have confessed myself! Is there no good penitence but it being in public God does not need my name nailed upon the church! God sees my name; God knows how black my sins are! It is enough! (142) As a result of John not allowing them to keep the disposition showing his confession, he was hung and he sacrificed his family, which in turn made them suffer a great loss. John Proctor sacrificed his own life in order o keep his name white The Crucible Essays (1058 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The Evolution of a Truth Seeker A crucible is a severe test as of patients or belief, a trial. The play The Crucible is a journey through the trials of many townspeople caused by the superstitious belief of witchcraft. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller progresses and evolves the outlooks and views of the townspeople of Salem and shows how events, people, and catastrophes cause the characters to change their views on whether the people prosecuted were guilty or innocent of witchcraft. Reverend John Hale changes his view, more and more drastically as the play advances, as a result of the events that he underwent and the experiences he had. Soon he had total belief in the innocence of all those convicted and hung in Salem. Arthur Miller weaves many events into the story that contribute to the alteration in Hales mindset. In the middle of Act 1, Hale arrives and is perceived by the town as The truth seeker. Hale is called upon to determine what sort of witchcraft, if any, is occurring (Page 33-35). Hale arrives admired by the people, who all want him to claim it was witchcraft that has occurred. Although unsure, he understands he is being led toward the conclusion of witchcraft by the towns false pretences and mass hysteria. He begins to see a weakness in the position of the townspeople of Salem and tries to not let common accusations be the support for his diagnosis. The conversations that Hale has demonstrate the evolution of his mindset. In Act II, Hale is traveling around the town, going house-to-house, searching for accused women to warn them that their names have been mentioned in the court. Soon, Hale finds himself standing at the Proctor home. At this moment, Hale sees a different perspective on the entire situation. Proctor: I I have no witness and cannot prove it, except my word be taken. But I know the childrens sickness had naught to do with witchcraft. Mr. Parris discovered them sportin in the woods. They were startled and took sick. Hale: Who told you this? Proctor: Abigail Williams.(Page 68-69) Originally, Hale was only provided evidence that witchcraft was occurring in the town. Now that he has visited the Proctors home, he finds more support for his suspicion of the girls claims as he finds truth in the words of John Proctor. Abigail Williams told you it had naught to do with witchcraft Why why did you keep this? Nonsense! Mister, I have myself examined Tituba, Sarah Good, and numerous others that have confessed to dealing with the Devil. Thy have confessed it And you would you testify to this in court?(Page 68-69) No longer believing that Abigail and her crew were correct, Hale finally opens his eyes to the new possibility that those who confessed did it for the sake of not being hung. Hale sees the honesty in Procter and believes he is able to trust his word and at last not be as closed-minded about the witchcraft situation in Salem. Abigail Williams and her crew are now appearing in the court. Hale is really perceiving the show that the girls are putting on. Danforth may not be recognizing the lies of the children, but Hale become convinced that the claims of the children are false. I denounce these proceedings. I quit this court(Page 120). Hale is becoming frustrated with the mass hysteria of the town and fed up with the lies of the girls. He can see the lack of truthfulness in all of the testimonies and court appearances of the girls. Later, Hale stands up for his belief in the innocence of the victims even though they have been forced to admit their guilt (Page 130). You will confess yourself or you will hang (Page 117). Postponement means a floundering on my part(Page 129). He starts to realize that the court although, apparently truthful and fair, can be misleading and forceful in finding the guilt or innocence of a person depending on what the court desires. Miller uses the strongest form of influence possible to finally sway Hale into total belief in the innocence of those convicted in Salem. The deaths of the people served as an enormous influence on the opinion

Crime & Punishment in America essays

Crime & Punishment in America essays After reading and discussing the required books for this class, a multitude of issues concerning the deficiencies of our criminal justice system have been presented. Prison overcrowding, the overrepresentation of minorities, and the efficiency of our prisons have created ongoing debates. Currie, like previous authors, exemplifies these problems among the pages yet offers more coherent explanations and draws more realistic conclusions regarding these matters. In Crime I believe that Currie does a superior task at assessing the prison experiment than past authors. He notes that although there has been an overall reduction in crime, examiners must be aware that this leveling-off has succeeded extremely high crime rates. Moreover, his caution to not relate decreasing crime rates with the incarceration rates is a common oversight in our society. What is also ignored is that violence has risen dramatically, especially among the poor and young. So in reality, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation have had marginal, or no effect, on crime as discussed in class. That leads us to assume that our exuberant crime rates are due to an increase in crime and harsher policies. It is challenging to understand the significance of data without making a qualified comparison. In this case, we turn to using the rates of other industrialized countries to provide us with a frame of reference. However, there are always cautions in doing so. For example, Brandon argued that Curries examination of statistics from the United States and Russia was not reasonable; being that the latte...

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model In the Toulmin model of argument, backing is the support or explanation provided for the warrant. The backing is often characterized by the word because. Examples and Observations [Stephen] Toulmins The Uses of Argument, which appeared in 1958, is mainly known for the model of argumentation presented in this book. This model represents the procedural form of argumentation: the various steps that can be distinguished in the defense of a standpoint. According to Toulmin, the soundness of argumentation is primarily determined by the degree in which the warrant, which connects the data adduced in the argumentation with the claim that is defended, is made acceptable by a backing. . . .What kind of backing is required, however, is dependent on the field to which the question at issue belongs. An ethical justification, for instance, requires a different kind of backing from a legal justification. Toulmin concludes from this that the evaluation criteria for determining the soundness of argumentation are field dependent.(Frans H. Van Eemeren, Argumentation Theory: An Overview of Approaches and Research Themes, in Rhetorical Argumentation in Biblical Texts, edited by An ders Eriksson, et al. Continuum, 2002) Different Kinds of BackingToulmin . . . emphasizes the difference between backing and warrant: backings can be categorical statements of fact just like data, while warrants always are general bridge-like statements . . .. A central point in Toulmins book [The Uses of Argument] is that different kinds of backings occur in different fields of argument. Among Toulmins examples of backings are statutes and acts of Parliament, statistical reports, appeals to the results of experiments and references to taxonomical systems. All can provide the backing that warrant the arguments as they are acceptable in particular fields.(Bart Verheij, Evaluating Arguments Based on Toulmins Scheme. Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation, edited by David Hitchcock and Bart Verheij. Springer, 2006)Backing as EvidenceInitial Statement: It should be investigated whether Peter murdered George.Claim: Peter shot George.Backing: Witness W states that Peter shot George.[Here] . . . the backing statement is the kind of evidence you need to collect in a murder investigation. Of course, the witness may be lying, or what he says may not be true. But if he says that Peter shot George, that statement needs to be investigated in any proper investigation. It is relevant in that context.(Douglas N. Walton, Witness Testimony Evidence: Argumentation, Artificial Intelligence, and Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Assignment 2 - Essay Example It tracks the chain of events that lead to the differences, right from Stage 1 through to Stage 4. Stage 1 occurs in a society that is yet to experience any level of industrial development. This stage is characterised by high CDRs and CBRs, which are determined by natural occurrences such as extreme weather conditions and plagues. At this stage, family planning techniques do not exist; even if they do, they are not practised because of the high value of having many children. Children are seen as a source of income due to the contributions they make to their families through carrying out tasks such as collecting firewood, fetching water, herding animals, and taking care of their younger siblings. The more children one has, the more respected he is; this keeps CBRs high. On the other hand, food supplies and sanitation standards are exceptionally low. This translates to poor health standards, keeping the CDRs equally high as the CBRs. The result is a balance between birth and death rates, which translate to low population growth rates. This, in turn, keeps populations low. This stage is characterised by improved food production and sanitation levels (Jean-Pierre 60). These, together with other improvements to human life such as in technology and healthcare lead to a reduced CDR, while the CBR remains high. This creates an imbalance, resulting in exponential population increase. Most developing countries, in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and Asia, are experiencing this phase of transition. These include Afghanistan, Nigeria, Uganda, Mali, Yemen, and Palestine. This stage marks the turning point of the transition process. It marks the transition from agriculture based economies to technological advancements. Women are highly educated and have access to a host of birth control measures. There is an increase in income and reduction in the value of children as sources of income; instead, they become a

Government objectives for rural areas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Government objectives for rural areas - Essay Example e farming attains high ecological principles, minimising impression on natural resources, and administers appreciated landscapes and biodiversity; supplies both directly and indirectly to rural economic multiplicity; is itself ready for action and money-spinning; and offers high quality products that the public needs. Planning authorities have an imperative accountability to take part in distributing the Governments objectives for rural district, through their process of the planning system and the submission of the policies specified in Planning Policies. (ii) Good characteristic, cautiously-sited reachable development within obtainable towns and villages should be permitted where it payback the local economy and/or community (e.g. reasonable housing for recognized local requirements); maintains or improves the local surroundings; and does not discord with other planning policies. (iii) Convenience should be a key deliberation in all development result. Most developments which are probable to produce large numbers of trips should be situated in or subsequently to towns or other assistance centres that are available by public transport, walking and cycling, in line with the policies specified. Results on the position of other developments in rural areas should, where achievable, provide people the maximum prospect to approach them by public transport, walking and cycling, dependable with attaining the most important motive of the progress. (iv) New building development in the set off countryside away from on hand settlements, or outside regions owed for development in development strategy, should be severely proscribed; the Governments in general objective is to defend the countryside for the sake of its inherent character and attractiveness the multiplicity of its landscapes, legacy and wildlife, the prosperity of its natural resources and so it may be benefited from by all. (v) Main concern should be specified to the re-use of beforehand -developed

Teen Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teen Pregnancy Essay Teen Pregnancy has always been a sensitive topic to many. Recently though teen pregnancy has become a major problem in society. The question that comes to mind is then, what can be done to reduce the number of teen pregnancies? Whether it be done by way of sexual education programs or other methods it is clear that something must be done. Currently not enough is being done to fight the number of teen pregnancies. â€Å"Teenage pregnancy and birth rates both dropped in the 1990s. Increased use of contraceptives and increased abstinence among teens could explain the decrease. However, the U. S. still has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy among western industrialized nations, 42. 9 births per 1,000 females aged 15-19. In 2002, there were 431,988 births to females under twenty. Four out of ten girls become pregnant by the age of twenty. Eighty percent of these teenage pregnancies are unintended, and 79 percent of pregnant teens are unmarried. The birth rate remains high in low-income, minority neighborhoods, where the birth rate still remains at 153 and 138 births per 1,000 for black and Hispanic teenage girls respectively. Sixty percent of all teenage mothers are in poverty at the time of birth† (Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 1). These numbers plainly show that teen pregnancy is still a major problem. I believe one of the most prominent causes of teen pregnancy is stress. Many teens in today’s society are too stressed by daily life, and could be turning to pregnancies as a way of continuing their â€Å"name†. In a small Massachusetts community where teen pregnancy rates were high it was also noted that their families were also going through a rough patch. An additional cause is that teens do not have enough teaching when it comes to sexual education. Parents need to talk to their children about the dangers of sex. Doing something about this problem is something that many believe involves sexual education. A recent study showed â€Å"A growing number of sex education programs that support abstinence and the use of contraception for sexually active teens have revealed a positive effect† (Sex ed programs actually can work 14). Sex education should be made mandatory in schools. Another method that many adults believe is necessary is making items such as condoms easily available for teens. Some school nurses have gone as far as o pass out condoms to students. This however crosses a boundary with another controversial topic. One Final prevention plan involves everyone who is willing to help, by simply making sure your community clinics and help services are open long enough you can help provided teen in need with a place to go. Teen Pregnancy is a problem that can not be fixed immediately, but by promoting awareness a decline may be in the future. The general public must find a way to help the efforts in whatever means possible. One thing we do know is that without our action this problem will not be changed.

Food Consumption Among American Teenagers :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Food Consumption Among American Teenagers American teenagers eat many different types of food. Some teenagers today are starting to pay attention to health warnings about what they put into their bodies. Those that do not will greatly impede how healthy they are later in their lives. There are so many food choices that can be made throughout each day. Lack of time due to homework, sports participation, and social lives can hurt healthful eating. This is not necessary though. So many foods are available to us. Speaking from experience, college students (in their freshman year) can be placed in a couple of dietary categories. Some teens are stereotypically what one may consider to be normal. These students usually just pick up whatever food is convenient. Teens eat what looks appetizing at the moment that they feel hunger coming on. This youthful portion of the population completely disregards all fat, sodium, and calorie content of the materials that they place in their mouths. There are many foods that the casual consumer will automatically obtain. The main items of consumption include sugar-laden colas, candy bars, and chips. Fried foods such as hamburgers and French fries, as well as Mexican foods, are especially popular treats. Pizza is a large component of this food group as well. A second class of eaters lies at the opposite extreme from the casual consumer. These students, the "health nuts", have paid attention to what their mothers have tried to convince their children to eat since childhood. In the long run, these students will be better off than the casual consumers. In their later years, the healthful consumers will have fewer myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) and their arteries will be much less likely to be clogged. Bagels, fruits, and salad (with little or no oily dressing) are the foods of choice among this healthy bunch. A third class of teens may include the students who eat a combination of nutritious and unhealthy foods. These teens may eat poorly at one meal and will turn around and eat sensibly at the next. Mood plays a large part in what these students choose to eat. Because life is so busy for everyone in the `90s, our diets, including those of teenagers, have gone downhill quickly.

Democracy in Colonial America

Colonial America was democratic. Documents, agreements and other representative actions are a proof of the establishment of a democracy in the colonies. England was not democratic, and the colonies purpose was to separate themselves as much as possible from the Crown and their undemocratic flu. They had freedom of press and religion and were getting accustomed to doing things their way. Documents such as the Maryland’s Act of Toleration, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and The Lady’s Laws are prove of the spirit of democracy coming to light.Oddly, pubs and taverns are an example of the origin of democracy. Since rich and poor people would be there daily, ideas would be shared and everyone was â€Å"forced† to listen to one another. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the closest document for political democracy in the 17th century. It is considered the first written constitution of Colonial America. It was formed by elected representatives, which made it a representative government. It stated that two assemblies should be held each year. They were set to discuss and make laws.It’s an example of a democratic document because if a governor neglected his duty, the voters were able to take over. This gave power to people, which literally translates to ‘democracy’. Another democratic feature of Colonial America was the Virginia’s House of Burgesses. It was the first representative legislative body in the colonies although only men who owned land could vote. It basically provided a voice in the government because you could also choose representatives. In their first meeting in a church at Jamestown, they agreed on the minimum price of sale in tobacco.They would also make and pass laws. Some of the best known Burgesses where: Patrick Henry, who introduced resolutions against the Stamp Act, Thomas Jefferson, who would later on write the Declaration of Independence and George Washington who became Americaâ€⠄¢s first president. Although America was considered to be democratic, undemocratic features could be observed. An example on how undemocratic America was back in the 17th Century is the Lady’s Laws. This book states limited legal rights of women. These rights were based on a woman’s marital status, race, class and religion.It set limitations for them. Some of which include losing property and wages when they get married and even losing the custody of their children when divorced. The rights also depended on which â€Å"type† of woman you were. Black women didn’t have rights, while Quaker woman had the same rights as a Quaker man. Indentured servants had the same rights as white women when their servitude ended. The fact that not every man was allowed to vote was also a undemocratic factor. This took away the power from the people and made Colonial America undemocratic.The document had certain requisites that everyone in a colony should accomplish in orde r to have this right. Only a free adult male and resident of the colony was able to vote. Some were even forced to own land in order to express themselves. Neither women, slaves or sometimes Jews were allowed to vote. This left only a 10% – 20% voters in each colony. As in every democracy, there will always be something pulling the entire definition â€Å"power to the people† down. This does not mean that because America had undemocratic actions, it made the colonies not democratic.These events just highlight that even though these actions were present, America somehow made it to be democratic The documents, agreements and other representative actions prove the establishment of a democracy in colonial America. other features like the taverns and pubs were also movements that brought up the spirit of a democracy that is still present today. Men and women from all races are equal and everyone has the right to press, religion, speech and association. By having this rights , anyone and everyone can achieve a democracy, like the one in colonial America.

Immigration Research Paper

Limits on Immigration Is Reform on Immigration somewhere in the near Future? Research Paper What is the first thing that comes to mind when one might think of Immigration? Possibly what is the United States current Immigration Policy? Would you even think that it is considered to be one of the most debatable topics constantly? There are two sides to every debate; I have been assigned to the pro side for immigration stating that I feel that there should be limits placed on immigration to our country and also more regulation of illegal aliens. The controversy over Immigration first started when migration reached a peak in the early 1900’s when between the years of 1900 and 1910 over 1 million immigrants entered the United States each year. (Hsu, 2009) Ever since then, immigration has constantly been in debate. Immigration is the powerful strength behind U. S. population increase, right now accounting for half of total net population boost. Our countries population growth, which at three million per year right now is the maximum in the developed world, is a main cause of many of the United States problems and presents a severe risk to our limited natural resources such as topsoil, forests, clean air and water, and healthy ecosystems. Statistics are saying that the population of the United States in the year 2050 should be around 500 million. The population is not just growing, but it is rapidly increasing. Some states are becoming so overpopulated with this rapid growth that people are comparing them to be growing more immensely than that of some third world countries. This extremely rapid growth is beginning to put a vast strain on our countries natural resources, cities and environmental health. There is beginning to be many conflicts connected with massive population growth, such as heavy traffic, air pollution, water and energy shortages, extremely overcrowded schools, declines in purchasing authority and quality of living, tax increases, and soil erosion. †(WHY A 100,000 LIMIT ON IMMIGRATION IS REALISTIC AND NECESSARY) However, the average American citizen's birthrate is at substitution level. What most of the American population doesn’t realize is that â€Å"over 70% of the United States expansion is due to mass- immigration of people generated into the population growth. †(Immigration) A supreme restraint on legal immigration would considerably decrease on both existing and future chain migration. This restriction would give the United States time to even out the current population, address the problems created by over-stressed city infrastructures and poverty, and to form an environmental policy to protect strained natural resources. A halt would then give time for new immigrants and poor citizens alike to achieve better opportunities through higher salary and improved learning opportunities. â€Å"The Untied states currently takes in over one million legal immigrants each year, which is more than all other developed nations in the world, combined. †(Immigration Regulation) The absolute number of immigrants has basically affected our country's ability to continue to contribute for newcomers and natives equally, and to put it simply has only added to America's problems. Immigration reform has been recently been brought to attention by the Obama administration â€Å"pushing amnesty for illegal immigrants. The Administration has also reversed a number of policies that had improved enforcement. These changes have included ending work place raids and a shift toward â€Å"catch and release† of illegal immigrants, instead of detaining them and deporting them. Rather than chase comprehensive immigration reform, the Administration and Congress should ensure that the existing policies on border security, interior enforcement, and non-immigrant visas are working. (McNeill, 2010). What the Obama Administration should be doing is not pushing so much emphasis towards amnesty, but instead focuses on fixing the problems happening along the border, in the cities, and in the U. S. visa system. An incremental approach should be used to solve these problems, focusing foremost on the security of the border and following through with enforcing immigration laws w ithin the United States, while making visa services more successful and bringing them up to date with the realistic demands of the U. S. economy. The Three-Legged Stool of Immigration Policy During a speech given by Janet Napolitano, U. S. Secretary of Homeland security, she referred to the â€Å"three-legged stool† of immigration reform, where she described the legs as â€Å"serious and effective enforcement, improved legal movement for families and workers, and a firm but fair way to deal with those who are already here. The stool is considered to be initially unstable. The three-legged stool of immigration policy would be more stable if it used the following three legs: Border ecurity, Effective interior enforcement, and an efficient and dynamic visa and naturalization system. Leg #1: Border Security. The U. S. has made some advancement on border security, but a large amount work still needs to be done. Secretary Napolitano’s three-legged stool assumes that this piece has already been accomplished. In addition, the U. S. cannot be convinced how much of this development is the product of improved U. S. border security and how much is the product of the recession, which has reduced economic incentives to cross into the U. S. illegally. Leg #2: Interior Enforcement. Instead of building on past progress, over the past year the Obama Administration has overturned a number of successful core enforcement efforts that began under the Bush Administration. Secretary Napolitano has argued, â€Å"We have replaced old policies that merely looked tough with policies that are designed to actually be effective. †(McNeill, 2010) Leg #3: The Naturalization System. U. S. isa and naturalization programs remain unproductive and the country still lacks a stimulating part-time worker curriculum that legal immigrants can use to come to work in the United States. Advocates with both pro-immigrant and restriction views on immigration have convincing points that could be lead in the direction of reform. â€Å"Those that are in favor of the need for improved enforcement argues that reform is needed to both strengthen border security and to put together a dependable interior worksite system to prevent employers from hir ing those not certified to work in the United States. (Tessada, 2010) And those in favor of legalization would like a program that allows immigrants who have lived in the United States for a certain number of years and who are suitable to apply for legal status and the right for occupation to work. In conclusion, when it comes down to immigration, people need to be able to trust the system. Americans need to know that their government is fully dedicated to enforcing the law and securing the border—and that this responsibility is being taken care of very seriously. Law enforcement needs to be better equipped with the legal tools and the required funds to deal with border-related and immigration-related crime. †(White, 2010) Immigrants need to be able to plan ahead for the future —they need to know everything that is included in the laws once they have been reformed, there is going to have a system that actually works, and that the general nature of our immigration laws will last, and they need to know that they will have as many responsibilities as they do human rights. Works Cited

human travel systems essays

human travel systems essays We would like to take you on a marvelous trip through the skeletal system. In this trip you will view such sites as the working joints and bones and also the composition of the bone. We cant give away the whole trip quite yet so sit back and enjoy the ride. First we enter the body by being miniaturized and we will enter as given a shot into the tibia. Now that we are inside the bone we will look at how the bone is built, and made up of. Bones are very strong. They are compared to concrete, or cast iron. Some bones can withstand pressure of 220kg pscm. About 45% of the material of a bone are nonliving. The minerals are usually calcium and phosphorus; they give the bone strength. Living cells t have the same three layer setup. Short bones and many flat bones are mostly sponge, surrounded by a thin layer of hard bone. As children grow up they go through a transformation with their bones called ossification. When this processes happens the cartilage turns to bone. Next we hike up the steep yet very hard bone. As we go up the bone to get to the femur we must go over a hinge joint. A hinge joint is one of four of the major joints. The hinge joint allows only a back and forth movement, it is like a door hinge. Some examples of hinge joints are elbows and knees. Another type of joint is the ball ...

Top Research Paper Topics 2013 for College

Top Research Paper Topics 2013 for College Top Research Paper Topics 2013 for College First of all, in order to write a good research paper, you have to understand well what kind of task it is. So, research papers differ from typical essays a little bit. They are longer and require some research work to collect useful information which you can use for your paper. It may sound strange, but the most difficult task for some people is choosing the topic. Actually, its quite normal. If the topic was chosen by your teacher, you have no other choice than to accept it and use it for your research paper. On the other hand, when you have to choose your topic yourself, you can be confused and have trouble choosing the one you really like and interested in. Lets try to do it together. Talking about topics that are relevant in 2013, you can think of everything that happened this year and choose the event that impressed you most. Was it a military conflict in the Middle East? You can analyze the political situation in Syria, Egypt, Afghanistan etc. Also, you may try to find a way out of all the problems in these countries. Maybe the new iPhone 5S is a far more appealing topic for you? Write a paper about modern technology, speaking about how it changed our everyday life, including all the advantages and disadvantages these gadgets have. Are you interested in economy? If yes, you can write about the financial problems in various countries, connecting this factor to financial crisis of 2007-2008. Try to analyze all the opinions on how to cope with such kind of problem and present them in your paper. Actually, there are topics that are relevant, no matter what year it is now. Lets take discrimination. We all seem to be well-educated, polite people without bias against any social group, be it homosexuals, people of different race, religion or gender. However, the problem still remains serious in many countries. Another topic to dwell on is obesity. Is there any way people can eat both delicious and healthy food? Do fast-food restaurants sell junk-food? Is it worth being a vegetarian? In addition, talk about environmental problems and possible ways to make our impact on nature less harmful. There should be some ways to protect rain forests in Brazil, or use alternative power sources (solar or wind energy), use bicycles instead of cars, save electricity and so on. Choosing a topic is just the first step to completing your paper. If you find it too difficult to cope with, or you are pressed for time, you can always rely on our academic writing service for help. We are always ready to lend you a helping hand. At research paper service you have a great opportunity to order a custom written paper online. High quality and plagiarism-free guarantee!

Produce an individual 1600 word report summarising the key issues Essay

Produce an individual 1600 word report summarising the key issues raised in the article. The summary should include references f - Essay Example A number of law suits have been slapped on the fast food industry, citing its failure to label its food as containing high cholesterol, fat and salt. Carlo Petrini founded Slow Food Movement in 1986, in the Cuneo province in Italy, which was a response to a McDonalds being opened in the Piazza di Spagna in Rome (Petrini and Watson, 2001, p.22). This nonprofit making organization has its headquarters in Bra in the Italian Alps and the membership is voluntary and free. The main objective of the Slow Food Movement is to encourage participation in traditional preparation and eating of food and also promoting local products. Its symbol is the snail which might be the organization’s way of telling people to take eating and life in general easy as compared to being on the fast lane (Hayes and Laudan, 2008, p.921). But this should not be taken to mean that its pace in creating the effect it wants is slow as well. The Slow Food Movement has its own manifesto called the Ark of Taste Man ifesto and its main aims are; protect the people who produce fine food from the standards of the industry, to protect endangered species such as animal breeds, cereals, fruits and cheeses from extinction. It also aims to encourage taste education, to stop the killing of the natural character of some production due to worry over hygiene and finally to ensure that people enjoy their rights to pleasure. For products to qualify as Ark products, they must; be of great quality and have a relationship with the area of production. They must also be produced in small quantities, be in danger of extinction and must be specific to a certain area (Jones et al 2003, p.300). The Slow Food Manifesto on Biotechnologies addresses the issue of transgenic foods these are genetically modified products, and it states that these foods cannot be justified just because they are cost effective. The other factors have to be considered such as the problems they bring to the environment, health, the society an d also if it is ethical (Wilk, 2006, p.33). The long term and short term effects of these genetically modified foods are not easy to identify. The biotechnologies will lead to disappearance of crops and plants that are traditional due to reduction in biodiversity, the manifesto says. The use of modified organisms on foods necessitates the use of plant protection products and large scale land exploitation which has negative impacts on biological diversity. Slow food also addresses its concern on the effects that the genetically modified foods might have on the taste and organoleptic range of cooked foods (Suri, 2008). People consume food and the pleasure it brings them might have negative effect psychologically and socially. Slow Food established a movement called Slow City in 1999 whereby Italian cities and towns encouraged people to be loyal to their culinary traditions thus improving their quality of life (Newman and Jennings, 2008, p.195). The Slow Food movement has grown from it s startup days where its main protest was about McDonalds to an international organization. It does not only seek to change the concept of fast foods but also the impact of technological and social and economic change. However it does not seem as if the Slow Movement can cause a big threat to the fast food industry.

Establishing theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Establishing theme - Essay Example as’ literary works, many things with the reference to the Star Wars universe (toys, clothes and other items of everyday use) have been produced and successfully marketed. The films themselves deserve particular interest because of the strength and actuality of the themes they cover, and the movie of the present paper – the fourth episode, â€Å"Star Wars: A New Hope† – deal with the one of the most often discussed topic – the destiny of an individual. The film uses techniques (lighting) and design elements (costuming, set design) which contribute to this topic establishment, which will be explained below. Lighting. The use of lighting technique is a strong point of the film, especially in regards to the theme of the destiny of a human being. The scenes of the film which involve the film protagonist – Luke Skywalker (for example, a scene when he buys droids for his caregivers’ farm in a desert: the sun is shining bright, and the sky is cloudless – no obstacles for the light) – employ a sufficient amount of the light of both natural and artificial origin, which determines his destiny as positive and, what is important, realized by himself as such. The best example of the lighting employment is the light sabers of the Jedi – in the trilogies, blue saber is a feature of a positive character (Jedi knight), whereas the negative ones, the Siths, operate red power beams. The light of a light saber is an indicator of a character and a reflection of his fate – the Jedi fulfill the mission of the good and complete it, even if they are killed in a combat , they are present with their close persons and guide them in a correct direction, whereas the Siths strive only for their own satisfaction and want absolute power which, in the end, leads them to failure. (Lucas, 1977). It is also necessary to mention that the visualization of the lighting effects were on a relatively high level for the times of the film, and â€Å"†¦brought audiences into more immediate

MGT499 - Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT499 - Strategic Management - Essay Example Companies are not always able to be what they want to be; they fail to develop a clear strategy which will help them achieve their strategic goals and objectives. The reason for this positive tendency of Toyota’s activity and the stability in supplying and servicing its customers is in the fact that the company keeps to the principle of finding the rational balance in production – without overloading the equipment and overburdening the staff. The basis of the organizational knowledge and the companys long-term philosophy should be under constant protection, which is provided through the stability of personnel and its slow promotion. Fast promotion may serve as a negative factor in companys vision as it will make the staff feel the easiness of achieving the highest posts, while the career path of each worker should go through the each stage of production, assuring that this worker totally accepts the long-term philosophy of the company and his future activity will be aim ed at supporting it. All 14 principles show, that Toyota has created a new quality system, which works effectively for the benefit of the company. Intensive training is performed with the following formation of project team, aimed at increasing the profitability, reducing non-productive actions and the time of production cycle. However, In 2010, Toyota has become the object of the peer professional attention. During the first half of 2010, customers came to associate Toyota with regular troubles and the beginning of a deep strategic crisis. Whether these troubles are the result of the lack of strategic vision or a well-developed consumer fraud is yet to be discovered; but the company regularly recalls its cars for minor or major technical problems. The current state of literature treats Toyota like a company, which must learn the lessons of crisis and their influence on the company’s brand. For further analysis, the

Effectiveness of Sponsorship Strategies

Effectiveness of Sponsorship Strategies This paper discusses how Under Urmour gets noticed by the customers. It does this by; making its brand personally relevant, surprising, and easy to process; use of objective and subjective comprehension through sponsoring up-and-coming athletes and ensuring that the consumers can clearly see different models as well as its mission and guarantee on its website. The paper also discussed how Coca cola and Pepsi are marketing their brands to teens worldwide via music. OPTION 2 HOW UNDER ARMOUR GETS NOTICED What is Under Armour doing to make its brand personally relevant, surprising, and easy to process? Initially, the company positioned itself as a brand for the athletes of the next generation by sponsoring upcoming athletes; which is in contrast with its competitors such as Nike who only sponsor established athletes. The audience interprets this as a gesture of community service by promoting new athletes who are known for their dedication and athleticism. The Under Armours brand gains customer attention and visibility as these sponsored athletes perform well. Additionally, Under Armour has put tremendous effort to attract women to its brand. In the past decade, the company has increased its credibility by investing heavily in terms of time and energy to reach the female consumer. In Sept 2010, the company launched a Facebook fan page for women called Under Armour Women, where members can get to upload various videos articles, and workouts. The aim is to market its products to the females just the same way it does to their male counterparts (Mick, 1992). The company gives incentives to its customers such as wholesale discounts or discount on new products. To further maintain the element of relevancy and surprise, it sells variety of sports gear both light and heavy for both sexes. The company has also established a healthy long term relationship with its retailers, wholesalers as well as their customers. The bottom line is; persuasion is the primary element of the companys marketing goal which consists two key ingredients: credibility and relevancy (Mick, 1992). The role of objective and subjective comprehension in Under Armours ability to market its products by sponsoring up-and-coming athletes Objective comprehension is usually understood as the extracting or grasping of a pre-specified meaning from an advertisement; these meanings are normally given or rather directly implied by the advert as intended by the advertiser. Thus, objective comprehension is basically a one-dimensional construct with the major aim of ensuring the recipients of the message draw accurate amount of meaning from the message. On the other hand, Subjective comprehension is understood as the creation of meanings by an individual through the activation of mental perceptions related to the advertisement and the processing context (Mick, 1992). By using the objective and subjective comprehension in the adverts, consumers can easily draw practical comprehension inferences that cannot be linked directly to the advert message. Thus, through sponsoring up-coming athletes, the consumers draw practical comprehension conclusions that the company is not only promoting a high-quality product but also promoting the community welfare. The use of the objective and subjective comprehension in the advertisements makes the consumers feel more involved and also helps them to acquire higher product knowledge which in turn increases their comprehension elaborations. As a result, Under Armour does not personally sell of their products; the advertisements helps customers know what the company is all about (Mick, 1992). Why would Under Armour want to be sure that consumers can clearly see different models as well as its mission and guarantee on the brands website? Unlike its competitors such as Nike; Under Armour has an optimistic perspective of helping athletes develop their careers. Additionally, for the past decade, the company has provided its customers globally with precisely superior products engineered with their unique fabric construction, as well as absolute moisture management proven innovation in all its products. The company has been building a strong brand image over the past years giving it the following strengths: a strong brand equity for both the company and customers; innovativeness couple with professional armature athletes sponsorship giving it good public relations; a superior brand; has a strong brand name; has a unique, recognizable logo; rapid growth; and produces high quality apparel. Thus, with the unique and practical mission statement coupled with the companys distinctive strengths, Under Armour wants make sure that the consumers understands that they are getting the best products in the market as well as getting a good value for their money (Business Teacher, 2012). OPTION 3 Marketing to Teens Worldwide via Music The long-term results that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo hope to achieve by investing heavily in marketing to teens around the world. The long-term result that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo hope to achieve by investing heavily in marketing to teens globally is brand loyalty. Brand loyalty refers to the continuous preference by the customer for the products of an existing company. Companies create brand loyalty through; relentless advertisements of their names and brand; protecting their products through patents, product inventions and innovations through continuous research as well as, through development of programs that emphasis on development of high quality products and high-quality after-sales services. Brand loyalty has a positive influence to the manner in which the consumer perceives the product or the company. To create brand royalty, a firm has to relate a brand to human personalities which in turn creates feelings of affection, warmth and belonging to a product (Bryson, 2010). The best way of creating long term brand loyalty to a product is by cultivating feelings of warmth, fondness, and a sense belonging towards this product in people while they are young. The two companies recognize the need to reach the younger audiences because the teenage demographic is expected to represent a third of the worlds population by 2020. Human beings a generally habitual creatures thus, by creating the brand loyalty with teenagers, they will remain royal to this brand even as they grow older. Marketing advantages and disadvantages of associating a soft drink brand such as Coca-Cola or PepsiCo with musical groups that are just beginning their careers. Music is integrating in mass electronic media (internet, tv and radio) advertisements so as to enhance its the advertisement success. Advantages Entertainment Music has the entertainment aspect that makes advertisements more appealing to the audience. This increased attractiveness enables an advertisement to capture more attention. Thus, music enhances the brands, products or services value by connecting it to music (Bryson, 2010). Memorability It is easier to recall a piece of music than images or spoken language because music tends to linger in the listeners mind for long. New music groups mostly have new songs that have not yet bored the audience. As the listeners get to learn the new songs, they also get to learn more about the product. These new songs enable listeners to remember company details such as the company name, webpage or even an appealing slogan linked to the brand (Bryson, 2010). Authority Establishment and Targeting Certain kinds of groups or life styles attribute themselves to certain kind of music. This makes it is possible to appeal to a particular group through use of certain kinds of musical genres. The company can also easily use the new musical groups to target a particular kind of groups or lifestyles than. This is because new music groups are more flexible than established music groups because they are more willing to experiment with various music genres. In this case music serves as a nonverbal identifier. Growth of brand as well as The musical Group As the sponsored musical group gains popularity, the companys brand gains attention and visibility. Disadvantages Not all sponsored music groups end up becoming popular: poor performance of a musical group results in less advertising revenues. Brands have the ability to make up-coming artists into stars but at the same time, these artists have the ability to destroy the brands name by not being successful enough (Bryson, 2010). The reason why the two companies emphasize new music and emerging performers in their ads, rather than well-known songs and groups Brands are identifying and embracing the new ways in which various kinds of audience access music and are finding ways and means to capitalize. With their major targets being teenagers globally, the two companies have realized that, teenagers have a high affinity for new music and also emerging performers. Thus, the up-coming musicians promote their brand while the companies sponsoring and also give their new music some exposure. This is more or less a collaborative process, by leveraging the power of each. It is a fact that there is a greater association to the product or brand being promoted by a new talent than renting an existing talent. This is because the young people love the element of surprise in the brand image (Bryson, 2010).

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a Metaphor in Mrs. Dalloway, By Virgi

When WWI was over, many people questioned the brutality that carried on over the four years that the war was happening. The Europeans trust in authority and in their country began to collapse, and Modernism was a way they could respond to the damage of those beliefs. It was obvious that the old world was gone and a new one had started to arise. In this new world, while other aspects of Europe were advancing, improvement in the psychiatric treatment of mental conditions, for example shell-shock, fell short. Most of British society remained unaware and uninterested in the problems that these illnesses forced on the veterans. This insensitive attitude toward the soldiers inspired Virginia Woolf to write Mrs. Dalloway. In this novel she shows us society’s attitude towards mental illness by featuring a post war veteran named Septimus Smith. The author uses Septimus’s struggles with post traumatic stress disorder as a symbol to illustrate the problems of a modern society tha t doesn’t understand how deeply the damage of World War One has affected people. An example of the difference between Septimus and the modern world as a whole is when the airplane flies above the people in the city as it spells out the word toffee. Most of the people watching were amazed by this new technology. â€Å"‘Glaxo,’ said Mrs. Coates in a strained, awestricken voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Kreemo,’ murmured Mrs. Bletchley, like a sleepwalker†¦as they looked the whole world because perfectly still†¦(and the car went in the gates and nobody looked at it)† (20-21). The people were so enthralled with the plane; they didn’t even care about the royal car coming in to the palace. Septimus on the other hand is completely lost in his own thoughts and interprets the plane differently. â€Å"So, t... ...g to grasp the legitimacy and severity of the disease. From this unfortunate reality emerged a Modernist novel in which Virginia Woolf sets out to juxtapose the ‘sane’ and the ‘insane’ in an attempt to express her disgust of society’s lack of sympathy and blindness towards those who suffer with mental illness. Work Cited Berman, Jeffrey. Surviving Literary Suicide. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1999. Print. Korte, Barbara, and Ralf Schneider. War and the Cultural Construction of Identities in Britain. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002. Print. Levenback, Karen L. Virginia Woolf and the Great War. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 1999. Print. Ronchetti, Ann. The Artist, Society, and Sexuality in Virginia Woolf's Novels. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print. Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981. Print.

The History Of National Curriculum Education Essay

First and first, I am Rubatarshne d/o Vasu as a pupil from Kirkby International College would take this chance to show my profound gratitude and deep respects to my guide Mr. Danapalan for his model counsel, monitoring and changeless encouragement throughout this assignment. The approval, aid and guidance given by God towards my assignment enable me to finish my assignment successfully. I would besides wish to thank my friends in assisting me by giving support. In this assignment I have gain abundant cognition and experiences. I have increased my degree of assurance when I met headmistress, senior aid and instructors. As a hereafter instructor, I besides learned that there are two types of activity that had been conducted in school which are school activities and category activities. Besides that, a strong bond of relationship formed between me and my former instructors. I would wish to thank one time once more to my lector for giving me a undertaking sing on National Philosophy of instruction ( NPE ) . Last, I would wish to thank to my instructors that willing to pass clip with me to carry on interview. Teachers such as Mrs. Vasugi, Mrs. Chitra and Mrs. Devanagi from Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil, Hicom, Shah Alam and Mrs. Rahinun bt Mohd Noor from Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Uda, Alor Star, Kedah Darul Aman. I learnt about their instruction and acquisition method which will be utile for me in hereafter.ContentSubjectPageNational Philosophy of Education ( NPE )Elementss in NPENational CurriculumKBSR AND KSSRSchool ActivitySport ‘s Day Motivational talk Qiamullail Excell plan Gotong-RoyongClass ActivityRole drama Playing games Spelling modus operandi Q & A ; A activity Lady BirdDecisionAppendixMentions1.0 National Philosophy of EducationEducation play a polar function in Malaysia particularly politically, economically, and socially of all time since the independency of Malaya in 1957 and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Since so, several instruction policies were being drafted and altered to run into the instruction demands of the people of Malaysia from clip to clip. In 1988, National Philosophy of Education ( NPE ) was formulated based on thoughts and rule of policy paperss. It is guide for all educational activities in Malaysia and sets the values and rules of the Malayan instruction system from primary to the third degree. ( NPE ) consist of several elements to bring forth persons who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, and physically balanced and harmonic. The first component of ( NPE ) is instruction as an ongoing attempt that geting and reassigning cognition accomplishments and baronial values which start from an early age boulder clay decease. It is critical to determine personality of kids which will help them to accommodate assorted types of alterations. Following, is ( NPE ) besides develop single potencies. Each human being has their ain hidden endowments which can be nurtured and developed, abilities that should be tapped, and enhanced through societal interaction with environment. Belief and obeisance to God is another component of ( NPE ) which 1 must acknowledge the being of God and accept him as the Creator. Every person should be to the full responsible for his workss and actions. The last component is to bring forth knowing Malayan citizens. We as a Malayan citizen should hold love for cognition and strive to further cognition and implement reading civilization in our day-to-day life. So, it clearly shows that if each and everyone in the instruction fraternity uphold ( NPE ) when transporting out their undertakings with full duties, our educational ends will go world.2.0 National CurriculumThere are three clip types of alterations in course of study such as Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) before 1982, New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) and Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) .Firstly, Old Primary School Curriculum. ( KLSR ) was implemented since the state attained its independency. In 1960, the Subject Review Committee has been established is besides known as Rahman Talib Report. In add-on, this degree of instruction system is oriented to the eradiation of illiteracy. Traditional schoolroom is a topographic point where a group of pupils will follow the acquisition procedure. In this type of schoolroom, pupils normally sit in the order o f chairs and tabular arraies that are arranged line by line. For case, pupils who are tall should sit at the back whereas pupils who are short or have hapless seeing should sit forepart. In conformity with the facets of Rahman Talib Report, all pupils must go through in Bahasa Melayu public scrutiny which the paper is written in Malay Language. It aims to further integrity among multiracial society. Following, is New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) which was implemented in 1982 as a test footing of new course of study. So, in 1983 authorities to the full implemented Integrated Primary school Curriculum which besides known as ( KBSR ) . The course of study design based on three countries which are communicating, adult male and environment, and development of single ( KBSR ) emphasizes pupils survey in group and interaction between instructor and pupils, pupils and pupils are really stressed in this ( KBSR ) . In footings of learning schemes, student-centered is actively attack in the procedure of instruction and acquisition. This is because it raises an interesting environment in schoolroom and stimulates the procedure of instruction and acquisition. The rating in ( KBSR ) emphasize in basic accomplishments ( 3R ) that pupils should be mastered which are unwritten, reading and composing. Students who could non get the hang any topics, the pupil will be sent to remedial categor ies. RemedialA categories are frequently used to emphasize the rudimentss in a topic such as math or linguistic communication. Last, Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) course of study design based on six spikes which are communicating, spiritualty, attitudes and values aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹of physical and aesthetic development of humanistic disciplines, scientific discipline and engineering and visual aspect. From 2011, the primary school course of study start to use ( KSSR ) which involves alterations in design, organisation, content, teaching method, clip allotment, assessment methods, stuffs and direction of the school course of study. ( KSSR ) emphasized the usage of different learning attacks larning ( P & A ; P ) that give more accent and impact on pupils. For illustration, instructors teach the pupils by nearing to inquiry findings, solution and job, constructivism, contextual, learning based on future and larning based on undertaking. Therefore, the three elements of value was added and introduced in the ( KSSR ) the component of creativeness and invention, entrepreneurship, information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) . In short, alterations in the epoch of globalisation require a alteration in the balance of the instruction course of study like ( KLSR ) before 1982, ( KBSR ) and ( KSSR ) .These alterations improve the quality of primary instruction to be more relevant to the challenges of the present and of the twenty-first century. It is really critical to carry on activities harmonizing to ( NPE ) particularly in schools and universities and ushers to a standard course of study. By implementing the course of study efficaciously in schools, it can develop the pupils cognitive, affectional and psychomotor ( physical ) with other potencies ( JERIS ) in pupils. Here, there will be ambitious unit of ammunition among pupils to vie each other. By implementing activities which are in incorporate mode will do the pupils to believe out of the box.3.0 School ActivityRecently, I have interviewed schoolmaster and senior aid in two schools which are Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Uda ( SKTU ) at Alor Star, Kedah and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Hicom ( SJKT ) at Dengkil, Selangor. The intent of these interviews is based on the national course of study of the school which reflects the aim of ( NPE ) . Harmonizing to the interviews that conducted in both schools, I identify that there are two types of activities are organized in schools which are school based activities and schoolroom activities. Assorted types of activity that are organized in school aligned with ( NPE ) . There are five chief activities that carried out in school like Sports Day, Motivational Talk, Qiamullai, Excell Program and ‘gotong-royong ‘ . First and first, Sports Day is carried out during the month of February yearly. All the instructors and pupil from Standard 1 until Standard 6 are involved in this activity. A few hebdomads before Sports Day, pupil start to give their names for participate events like high wide leap, 100m race, ‘shot put ‘ and others. After the school hours, pupils will get down to pattern the activities at school field. The importance to form this activity is to develop pupils who are healthy. Sports can construct up musculuss and castanetss which finally will do the pupils to go healthy. Sports twenty-four hours is the clip where pupil is taught and expose toA assorted types of athleticss and larning to be cooperate in squad games, be discipline as to follow the regulations for each game or athletics and so much more. Sports are a really healthy activity that can maintain away a batch of unneeded disease such as corpulent. Students can keep their personal wellbeing which is aligned with ( NPE ) . This activity can assist to develop psychomotor accomplishments in pupils. Another activity that was conducted in school is Motivational Talk which was given by the Sir Ismail who is one of the counsellors in that school. This talk is to provide the stableness of pupil ‘s emotions and self direction for their excellence. All pupils are involves in this talk and given cognition to fix themselves for tests. It is carried out in three stages which are larning techniques, clip direction and emotion control. Students take the importance key characteristics and seek to better ego failing and doing utilize the strength to guarantee excellence in their pupils. This activity helps to bring forth pupils who are high moral criterions and responsible which is in lined with ( NPE ) . Here, pupils can stabilise their emotions in a right way. Qiamulail is besides one of the activities that were conducted in schools. All the Muslims pupils were involved in this activity while non-Muslims pupils were involved in Moral category. Muslims pupils stayed in inn for one twenty-four hours to finish their supplications. Their supplications will get down at early in the forenoon which is at 4 in the forenoon and ends at 5 in the eventide. This activity brings a strong religious life and is a manner to acquire closer to God which is extremely demanded. The pupils besides have an chance to construct the spirit of appreciating faith and have faith in God. This activity mould pupils to believe in God as stated in ( NPE ) . In this activity, pupils can high spiritualty within themselves and avoid them to affect in immoral activities. Activity like ‘Excell Programs ‘ which is mean by excess categories are organized in school. Engagement of all pupils is mandatory for this activity. It has two stages which are boring pupils understanding in each chapter and techniques to reply inquiries. Phase 1 is to better pupils ‘ apprehension in each chapter so that they can understand and execute good in tests while stage 2 is to give them the correct schemes to reply the inquiries harmonizing to exam criterion. Phase 1 is done with the aid of instructors at category after completing each chapter. Phase 2 is carried out after the concluding appraisal. The instructors will give proper techniques of replying to each topic. Here, the pupils will get the hang the replying techniques when they were given to reply past twelvemonth inquiries and exercisings. Those pupils who improved in a peculiar topic they will be given wages by the schoolmaster. This will make enthusiasm in larning. Here, pupils improve their cog nitive accomplishment which helps to bring forth pupils who are knowing and competent as stated in ( NPE ) The last activity that was conducted is ‘gotong-royong ‘ . The spirit of gotong-royong is a nucleus of civilization that pupils should follow. Students were divided into groups to clean different types of country in schools like filed, garden, schoolrooms, hall and others This activity was held to nurture pupils to well-behave, co-operate with others, love and responsible to take attention of their school, and to give consciousness to pupils about healthy organic structure, head and environment. After the gotong-royong event, pupils will pick up trash on the floor anyplace in the school if they see it. It is of import that cleanliness and beautification will maintain the environment to be contributing and comfy so that the instruction and acquisition procedure would be more effectual. Besides, the activity really is in line with ( NPE ) which is to bring forth balanced person from the facet of emotional. They love and appreciate the school, the nature, have a sense of bel onging and solidarity and in conclusion they will go mature in thought.4.0 Class activityBesides school based activities, there are besides schoolroom activities which are effectual to pupils. Classroom activities should be built chiefly on making chances for pupils to show and understand meaningful linguistic communication. However, the activities are based on form-focused direction and disciplinary feedback which is indispensable for the development of pupils in the schoolrooms. Lesson program is the usher for instructors to fix activities for pupils and set assortments in order to make merriment larning environment. The activities that conducted in the category are function drama, playing games, spelling modus operandi, Q & A ; A activity and Lady Bird. The most interesting activity that pupil enjoyed is function drama. Role drama is an built-in portion of the course of study for speech production and hearing. The usage of function drama provides pupils to develop speech production and listening accomplishments when they speak as a character, program scenes, use duologue and measure their ain public presentation and that of others. For case, the instructor wants to learn about business. The instructor can inquire their pupils to move a instructor, physician, tradesman, attorney and others. Here, pupils will brainstorm their thoughts to move as one of the business. Students get to wider their cognition and experiences when they start to prosecute with other pupils while utilizing marks, props, bill of fare, and so on. The school instructor besides states that this function drama activity can construct pupil ‘s assurance degree when pupils are brave to show in forepart of their friends. High moral criterions can be created among pupils to model good behaviour and bring forth personal wellbeing as stated in ( NPE ) Another amusing activity that carried out by instructor in schoolroom is playing games. There many types of games that pupils participated which were saber saws mystifier, on-line synergistic games, word a twenty-four hours and others. These games are great exercising for encephalon. It helps the pupils to better their memory, spacial and pattern acknowledgment and spelling accomplishments. Game like word a twenty-four hours can make a reading environment in the schoolrooms. Students were told to convey newspaper cutting during English category. First, pupils were given instructions by instructor to look for word which they do non understand. After that, they have to look up for the significance in dictionary and build them into sentences. In this activity, pupils who collect a batch of words will be given award as a item of grasp. Besides that, this activity besides emphasizes pupils to read independently and wider their cognition in footings of vocabulary. Teachers and pupils are s eting their attempt as ongoing attempt for excellence in order to bring forth knowing Malayan citizen as stated in ( NPE ) Following, is spelling everyday which is conducted by instructor in the schoolroom. The most helpful manner of giving spelling is to compose the word down for the pupils utilizing the ‘look, screen, write, look into ‘ modus operandi which is originally devised by Peters and Cripps ( 1980 ) . First the instructor writes the word for the pupils to look at the word and to memorise it. This can be done by following or copying it. The right version is so removed or covered and asked the pupils to compose the word from memory without any aid. The pupils ‘ spelling is so checked against the right version. If the spelling is right, pupils can integrate the word into their authorship. If the word is wrong when comparing the two versions, place where the job lies and reiterate the whole process. This scheme helps pupils to memorise the correct spelling by looking at the whole word. Besides that, it helps pupils to acquire the overall ocular form of the word which they can eas y retrieve it. This activity helps to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing and competent as aligned with ( NPE ) . Another activity that can transport out in category is Q & A ; A activity which is base for inquiry and reply. This activity is organized it is easy to be carried out in the category but the activity is able to make the two manner interaction between instructor and pupil expeditiously. The inquiries given by instructor require pupils to believe and able to measure what has been taught by instructor during the lesson. In add-on, the inquiries must be organized and good quality because it will assist pupils to sharpen their thought every bit good as to make more dynamic and effectual acquisition environment. For case, teacher gives inquiries sing on Mathematic topic. Teacher can change the inquiries into nonsubjective and subjective signifier which will measure pupils ‘ thought accomplishment. The purpose of the activity is to promote pupils to believe creatively, advanced, logical and critical thought in line with National course of study which is to mold pupils ‘ behaviou r and thought from the facets of rational. Last but non least, the activity that carried out in category is Lady Bird. This activity creates for pupils who are slow scholars. It is one the manner to catch slow scholars ‘ attending to analyze smart. Teacher lays a critical function here by giving eternal support to pupils as they can be a good scholar like others. First, it is conducted by supplying a text with figure of inquiries. The inquiry should change from 3 degrees of facets which are easy, mean and difficult. Students need to seek for cardinal words in the text and high spot or underscore the key features that enable them to reply the inquiries. Students who are fast scholar will be junior instructor for those who are slow scholars. Slow scholars will experience free to inquire inquiries or elucidations to their friends without vacillations. After this session carried out, there are slow scholars who are able to read after involve in this activity for three months and showed addition in each school scrutiny. This activity persist in ( NPE ) by a least figure of slow scholars which will lend in bring forthing literacy state in Malaysia.5.0 DecisionIn decision the National doctrine of Education ( NPE ) gives a really large impact on the development of instruction that involves the ministry of instruction, formation of assorted new constructs in instruction, course of study, co-curriculum, schools, instructors and pupils. Overall this causes a great betterment of the citizen of the state as reference in the ( NPE ) in the formation of balanced and harmonious persons physically, rational, emotional, spiritually and socially, citizen that lives in harmoniousness, believes in God and others. As a hereafter teacher we should use ( NPE ) in learning and larning procedure so that it produce a better Malayan citizen.6.0 AppendixNameBIODATA176.JPGMRS VASUGI45 Old ages OLDSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMHeadmistress15 Old ages OF Teaching Experiences180.JPGMRS. CHITRA30 Old ages OLDSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMSenior ASSISTANTS5 Old ages OF Teaching Experiences184.JPGMRS. DEVANAGI35 Old ages OLDSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMENGLISH TEACHER10 Old ages OF Teaching ExperiencesDSC_0095 – Copy.JPGMRS. RAHINUN BT MOHD NOOR58 Old ages OLDSEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TAMAN UDA, ALOR STAR, KEDAH DARUL AMANHeadmistress38 Old ages OF Teaching Experiences