Margaret Sanger Essay - 1428 Words

Margaret Sanger The early twentieth century was a turning point in American history-especially in regards to the acquisition of womens rights. While the era was considered to be prosperous and later thought to be a happy-go-lucky time, in actuality, it was a time of grave social conflict and human suffering (Parish, 110). Among those who endured much suffering were women. As Margaret Sanger found out, women, especially those who were poor, had no choice regarding pregnancy. The only way not to get pregnant was by not having sex- a choice that was almost always the husbands. This was even more true in the case of lower-class men for whom, sex was the poor mans only luxury (Douglas, 31). As a nurse who assisted in delivering†¦show more content†¦While her book was considered obscene, lewd and lascivious material (Gray, 43), Sanger was convinced that education about these topics were necessary. Through the publishing of What Every girl Should Know, Margaret Sanger demons trated to common women, to her adversaries, and to the government that women deserve the right to learn about and understand their bodies. In addition to What Every Girl Should Know, Sanger created other propaganda, which informed women that they deserved the right to prevent births. The purpose of her first publication of this type, a magazine called The Woman Rebel, was to inspire women to demand rights. She wanted to stimulate working women to think for themselves and to build up a conscience, fighting character (Douglas, 50). In each issue of the Rebel, she discussed topics such as child labor, women and children in industry, health and cultural opportunities. She believed that women must determine her own maternity-This was the most precious freedom (Douglas, 50). Following The Woman Rebel, Sanger wrote a pamphlet called Family Limitations. In this pamphlet, Sanger discussed such topics as the use of condoms, the importance of douches, and the practice of coitus interrup ts or withdrawal (Whitelaw-Every, 50). For this informational writing, Sanger called a heinous criminal who sought to turn every home into a brothel andShow MoreRelatedMargaret Sanger s Margaret Louise Sanger1131 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biography, â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† (2007), Margaret was born on September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York. She was born to her parents, Anne Purcell and Michael Hennessey Higgins, who were Irish Catholic Immigrants. Shortly after the birth of her eleventh child, Anne Purcell died from tuberculosis; Margaret was nineteen (â€Å"The Pill† n.d.). While Margaret was the sixth of eleven children, she and her first husband, William Sanger, had three children together (â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† 2007). AfterRead MoreMargaret Sanger : Margaret Sanger And Womens Rights Movement1370 Words   |  6 Pagesbattle between modernism and traditionalism(Zeitz). Margaret Sanger was born on September 14, 1879, in Corning New York. She was the sixth child out of 11. As she grew up, she witnessed the death of her mother from giving birth and she saw so many children living in poverty. To escape the torture she moved out with her older sister at a very young age and started helping to educate the immigrants children.While living with her sister Margaret became a part-time nurse at the womens ward. She wasRead More margaret sanger Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"one girl revolution†. Though Margaret Sangers revolution may be even more controversial now than during her 50-year career of national and international battles, her opinions can teach us many lessons. Due to her strong influence in history, our society has increased health awareness for women, made sexual protection a choice for all people, and also introduced family modification as a choice for mankind. Having gone through the hardships that she did, Margaret Sanger developed her own theories andRead MoreThe Fight For Contraceptives By Margaret Sanger1201 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Sanger, a New York and an active feminist, led the fight for contraceptives, which are methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Sanger, whose mother at a young age because she had birthed eleven children, helped shape her into a very individualistic and assertive woman. She was a part of the Socialist party, while studying to be a nurse, and starting a family of her own. In 1912, she began to work in the slums with the poor immigrant women who lived there. Her experience in the slums withRead MoreMaking A Change : Margaret Sanger1713 Words   |  7 PagesMaking a Change: Margaret Sanger’s 1925 Speech Margaret Sanger’s, The Children’s Era, exudes knowledge on how contraceptives and birth-control will create a better world for the children. This paper conducts a Neo-Aristotelian analysis of Margaret Sanger’s 1925 speech. It contributes to rhetorical theory by advancing knowledge of how rhetors create a consensus on the use of birth-control and contraceptives. The paper proceeds first by establishing the context of the speech, which will include theRead MoreInformative Speech : Margaret Sanger1091 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Topic: Margaret Sanger General Purpose: To inform of one of Times 100 people who changed the world Specific Purpose: To inform of the impact of Margaret Sanger Thesis: Margaret Sanger changed the world by rallying for the availability and use of contraceptives for all women. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not beRead MoreThe Birth Control Of Margaret Sanger Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1917, Margaret Sanger was arrested for distributing contraception pessirie to a immigrant women. Margaret Sanger, was a nurse, mother, sex educator, writer and most importantly an activist. Sanger, fought for women’s rights which one of the main one was to legalize birth control in America. During the process of fighting Sanger establish the American Birth Control League, now called Planned Parenthood. Sanger fund money to Grisworld the created of the hormonal birth control pill the dream of SangerRead MoreThe Birth Control Of Margaret Sanger2106 Words   |  9 Pageschildren would be lucky to be fed yet alone college educated. This is all because one woman, Margaret Sanger, devoted her life to this cause. This research paper will address who Margaret Sanger was, why birth control meant so much to her and how she devoted her life to its cause and creation. According to Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America, by Ellen Chesler, Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York as a middle child with eleven other siblings in a poor VictorianRead MoreMargaret Sanger s Life And Life1272 Words   |  6 Pages Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York on September 14, 1879 [3] as Margaret Louise Higgins. [1] Her father, Michael Higgins, originally studied phrenology and other medical practices, but eventually moved to being a stone cutter. Her mother, Anne Higgins, was born in Ireland, and her family moved to Canada during the Potato Famine. In 1869 Michael married Anne and she went through 18 pregnancies, only 11 of which lived. [3] Margaret was the sixth child in this long line and spent herRead More Biography of Margaret Sanger Essay5092 Words   |  21 PagesBiography of Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger founded a movement in this country that would institute such a change in the course of our biological history that it is still debated today. Described by some as a radiant rebel, Sanger pioneered the birth control movement in the United States at a time when Victorian hypocrisy and oppression through moral standards were at their highest. Working her way up from a nurse in New Yorks poor Lower East Side to the head of the Planned Parenthood Federation

Synthesis Paper on Gay Marriage - 1240 Words

Caroline Treinen Ms. Pajer English 101 Synthesis Essay Who are we to dictate who someone loves? The definition of love is the action that two people share. The definition does not say love only occurs between a man and a woman. The article, â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† is an argument against gay marriage. The author, John Thavis, claims that homosexuals are just struggling to find themselves and that same-sex marriage disrupts the normal sexuality and fertility of a couple. In â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, Kristin Kenneavy discusses how religious outlooks influence a family’s beliefs on same sex marriage. The two articles show the different views on gay marriage by†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† Cardinal Ratzinger asserts that â€Å"recent legislative proposals for gay marriage are part of a larger modern rupture between sexuality and fertility.† He is stating that gay marriage could destroy the status quo of marriage. He argues that normal marriage is a man and a woman uniting as one, not a man and a man or a woman and a woman. A man and a woman are meant to be together not only for physical purposes, but also for moral ones. There is no way that two men or two women could be together morally because it is not in the Bible. He states that homosexuals are considered people who are suffering and want to find their way, but making gay marriage legal doesn’t really help these people. Ratzinger said that â€Å"this is a trend that separates us from all the great culture of humanity, which have always recognized the particular significance of sexuality: that a man and a woman are created to jointly be the guarantee of the future of humanity.† On the other hand, in â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, the author states â€Å"traditional gender role attitudes and support for homosexu als’ civil liberties are found to negatively co-vary over time.† Religious attitudes differ in both their approaches to the roles of men and women in family settings and their approach towards homosexuality. The author explains that typical household is a male, whoShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of America s Long Tradition And Definition Of Manliness1686 Words   |  7 Pagesas James Jones once said to a Life interviewer.† (Theroux2). This is the foundation of why men act the way they do, it is why they are called men. Paul gives the idea that men are killing machines that always carry a knife, not a pen or a piece of paper; these men hunt and kill out in the wilderness or jungle not the office; and these men are the king of the animal kingdom. Although Paul deems those traits as being a man, he does not follow them. Paul Theroux’s personal key term of being manlyRead MoreThe Diversity Of Human Population2190 Words   |  9 Pagesthere has been an increase in cases of gay people in America, and the world over. Debate rages whether being gay is caused by hormones, genes, social and environmental factors or a combination of all these factors. Regardless of the cause, the general population is gradually accepting the gay community in the population (Katz, 2012). Although there is still a stigma associated with this particular minority group, studies show that it s more favorable being gay now than it was ten years ago. This essayRead More1. Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words   |  15 PagesBridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and herRead MoreBiological Explanations of Homosexuality2341 Words   |  10 PagesBiological Explanations for Homosexuality Katherine Callan Opening This paper is aimed to address the question of whether homosexuality is biologically based. This topic is quite relevant today because homosexuality is a huge civil rights issue which is also conflicting with the church s moral standards. While many religious bodies claim that homosexuality is a choice and a sin, many in the homosexual community have strongly refuted that claim, instead saying they were born this way andRead MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 PagesContextual | Cognitive process | Descriptive | Phenomenon registering | Phenomena in space | Perceptions in space | Narrative | Action recording | Phenomena in time | Perceptions in time | Expository | Phenomenon identifying linking | Analysis\synthesis of concepts | Comprehension of concepts | Argumentative | Negative quality attributing | Relations between concepts | Judging | Instructive | Action demanding | Future behaviour | Planning | 1.5 Biber’s text types Biber’s typology(1989) isRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesi s ANALYSIS External environment General environment Industry environment Competitor environment Internal environment Statements of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Alternatives Evaluations of alternatives Implementation SYNTHESIS In the analysis stage, you should ï ¬ rst analyse the general external environmental issues affecting the ï ¬ rm. Next, your environmental analysis should focus on the particular industry (or industries, in the case of a diversiï ¬ ed company) in whichRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesunderlying theoretical dimensions nor methodological approach to be employed. With the recognition of different approaches to organization theory, there is a widely perceived need to bring some order to the field. This textbook offers a well-integrated synthesis of approaches to organization theory. It will be welcomed by organization theory scholars and reflective practitioners and is a valuable companion for scholars and students of organization theory. Henk W. Volberda, Chair of the Department of StrategicRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexploration of attitudes and values. 5. Student motivation is increased, especially in adult learners. xviii PREFACE 6. Students receive immediate feedback from their instructor and peers. 7. Students are involved in higher order thinking (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). Our goals in writing this book were to bridge the academic realm of theory and research and the organizational realm of effective practice, and to help students consistently translate proven principles from both realms into personalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesEdition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publicationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshave healthier, happier marriages) and the right (a traditional male working, wife at home family structure is best) are wrong. Still, this is a complex issue, and research on it continues. What about whether the husband works outside the home? Historically, this was quite unusual, but it is becoming increasingly common— wives are now the primary breadwinner in 22 percent of U.S. couples, up from 7 percent in 1970. There is some evidence that men are less healthy and marriages are more likely to fail

Transformative Leadership in Education †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Transformative Leadership in Education. Answer: Introduction This essay talks about the importance of leadership and teams in public school education. Leaderships has been identified as a key strategy for leading the team. The role of an efficient leader is to motivate the team, build the confidence of the team and adopt innovative measures to promote the interests of the team. Transformational leadership has been identified as inspiring the team and motivating them to deliver their best performance through communication of the vision. In this context, the essay explores the current trend in leadership and team in the field of public education in Australia. The next section of the paper proposes recommendations that are indispensable for the leader of the public school. It has been discussed that the leader needs to adopt a collaborative approach for maintaining the stability of the team. Literature review on team leadership has mostly talked about the importance of functional leadership pertaining to the teams. Efficient team leaders have been identified as those individuals who is ready to step into the shoes of any role given to the person (Harmon, 2015). The rudimentary role of the leader is to identify the functions that are absent in the team and therefore, there is a need to compensate. Literatures have mostly concentrated on the traditional perspective of leadership by highlighting the contributions of the leader. The education system in Australia has a self-reliant, self-managed and self-identification process that will inspire the aspiring leaders to pave their own path (McCleskey, 2014). This journey can be problematic as the candidates are motivated, experience and have the ability to seek leadership positions (Hargreaves Fullan, 2014). The journey can be full of hurdles and obstacles in a situation that include absence of support. Leadership process begi ns at the early stage of career and four stages have been identified in this context. These stages are formation, accession, incumbency and divestiture. The accession stage is exemplified by the identification of the capacity of the individual to lead the team within the institutional boundaries, processes and structures (Savery, 2015). The divestiture and incumbency occurs at the stage of when the aspirant seeks to take on a leadership position. When it comes to leadership aspirations there have been mixed findings in the Australian Research (Kezar, Chambers Burkhardt, 2015). Studies have shown that although there is a reluctance to take on the role of principals but there have been interest from the teachers to take on the role of principals. A study conducted by McKenzie et al. reported that 1.4 per cent of the teachers wish to apply for the position of teachers and 7.1 per cent for the position of deputy principal positions (Fitch, 2013). There is considerable reluctance to bec ome a school principal but when it comes to becoming a schoolteacher, there were more enthusiasm from the participants. Studies have shown that middle-level school leaders are dependant on the roles that are constructed and given impetus by the senior-level school leaders based on their capacities, attitudes and abilities. According to Marion Gonzales, (2013), middle-level leaders have been identified as important for the success of the school, research have indicated that some are expected to be leaders that inform learning and teaching. However, teachers in the position of leadership have limited opportunity and expectations to exercise any form of leadership. It is reported that successful leadership is established on the principles of support. This teacher finds lacking and because of which, they are motivated enough to take on leadership roles. The courses taught in the university have been instrumental in the preparation, orientation and the development of a leader. It has been reported that tertiary institutions offer a range of leadership programmes to the students enrolled in the post-graduate certificate. In state of Victoria out of nine universities, eight universities have formal courses on teacher educational programmes that offer specialized courses in educational leadership at the level of post-graduation (Pazey Cole, 2013). However, there have been limited interventions in finding out whether the courses have quality and credibility or not. There are hardly any emphasis provided on the courses by the deputy principal and principal selection panels. It has been found that many courses reflect proper organization or an emphasis on core leadership and the management of functions. There is also limited focus on the processes that would encourage the candidates to become successful school leaders. It was reported tha t the course is in consistent with the general leadership as against the preparation for the principalship in the programmes in USA. Gurr Drysdale (2015), have found that education system in Australia has recognized the importance of support and therefore, have therefore, encouraged the development of leadership through the provision of different programmes. These programmes include both formal and informal topics as support programmes coaching, internships, shadowing, mentoring and through support leaves to attend international seminar, symposiums and conferences (Heikka, Waniganayake, Hujala, 2013). These programmes are important on the ground that it provides opportunities to attain formal qualifications through masters level programmes. Government schools conduct their programmes through centre or institute and focus on leaders and aspiring leaders in the different stages of their career. The highlight of these programmes is that these include sponsorships or scholarship for t he attainment of tertiary qualifications. These programmes cover all aspects of leadership teaching and are open to both government and non-government school personnel (Orazi, Turrini Valotti, 2013). These programmes had meaningful impact in the shaping of a leader and reports have been published documenting the developmental journeys of the school leaders that support this initiative. To maintain the high-quality of learning, there have been the incorporation of schooling and teaching that leads to the culmination of a successful leaders who are confident, creative and successful learners and in addition are informed citizens. According to Gurr Drysdale, (2015), there are five central professional practises in relation to leadership, these are developing self-esteem, leading teaching and learning practises, leading improvement, change and innovation, leading the management of the school and engaging with the community). It is to be seen in the future whether these practises are a cceptable, high-quality and are sufficient to form the basis for the effective preparation and development in the context of Australia. In Australia, there is compulsory certification across all the schools to become a principal that includes four-year teaching registration and qualification are considered as the only requirement for school leaders especially in case of public educational institutions. This should not be read as that requirements have not been fulfilled who was interested to opt for the position of the principal. Every system has their own criteria regarding the selection and appointment of school principals. Being a principal in school is no easy task and is bounded by a range of responsibilities. In Australia, the school structure is quite complex. Eight government systems serve about two-thirds of all the students. In the twenty-first century, a principal who is entrusted with the responsibility of school leadership is required to build essential educational and professional skills (Faircloth Tippeconnic, 2013). However, the administrative tasks often dominate and lead to the decline of the functions. Principals need to invest a considerable proportion of their time on the activities and administrative tasks that includes monitoring and supervising the human resources along with the physical resources. Principals have to endure cumbersome amount of tasks and hardly find time for decision-making the educational activities (Van Knippenberg Sitkin, 2013). The central challenge faced by the principal in the execution of the duty is being overburdened with administrative tasks and therefo re, facing difficulty in the consolidation of tasks. That would promote effective school leadership. This further leads to an increase in the complexity in the activities of the principal. In a situation, where keeping up with the external demands become all the more difficult, there emerges several cases of fragmentation (Eacott, 2013). It has been recognized that the main function of the principal would to identify catalyze organizational learning in the schools. The highlight of organizational learning is that it promotes effective leadership in schools. In the context of educational reforms, effective leadership in schools have been a cause of major concern among the scholars since the 2000s. Education system in these countries are considered in terms of the performance on the basis of their evaluation through tests like TIMSS and PISA. Educational reforms have also shown that the educational reforms that is promoted through 2000s demonstrate that the effective leadership of pri ncipals have a value. The other challenges that have rose from the diversity of education systems in 2000s are the parameters of decentralization and independence in regard to school leadership. Countries have promoted greater dependence in the last few years and this had negative effects on the responsibilities and functions of the leader. Greater autonomy rendered to the leaders leads to a condition where they can exercise transformational leadership. Therefore, in the present years, there has been greater emphasis on decentralization, parental and community control and shared decision-making (Tummers Knies, 2013). The notion behind accountability and independence are the conduits of meeting the fundamental needs in a much more effective manner. These transformations have implications on the function of the school leader. Transformational leadership style has a positive impact on the performance of the team. Transformational leadership emphasizes on the dimensions leaders communi cation style. Therefore, leaders will communicate differently to the team members and would direct their attention and focus in different ways. Leaders who underscore on the importance of motivational communication are inclined towards an excellent vision for the future of the tea, where the team members would work as a community. Inspirational motivation also have the propensity to emphasize on the abilities of the team, by asserting that the team is in competition with other teams. The development of leadership quality is time-consuming and demands considerable action. In the light of Australia, the development and preparation of leaders are dependent on the self-management and self-identification that steers the individuals to decide whether they want to pursue leadership opportunities and later seek out to the experiences and support of others (Eacott, 2013). Leadership and team processes are intertwined and this have a bearing on the collective performance. In other words, leadership performances processes determine the performance of the team and influence the processes for the development of an effective leader. This intertwining between leadership and team performance has implications on one another. This may also jeopardize the team performance. At the complex level, team processes and leadership of the team are integrated and set the boundaries of each process to be fair and distinct. Such conceptualizations receive the multilevel nature of the membersh ip of the team but it hardly makes any effort to make a distinction between teamwork and leadership. Recommendations for the future practise It is important to realize that being a leader in a public educational institution is fraught with responsibilities and demands sophisticated skills and a thorough understanding of the responsibilities. The school leader needs to understand their responsibility towards the school. They should advocate for the school and maximize the opportunities for the teachers and the students. The leader of the public school needs to adopt a leadership responsibility through integration of local educational solutions, aspirations and understanding the requirements of the parents. The leader of the public school need to work for the interest of the various stakeholders in the education system and the wider community (Bao, Wang, Larsen Morgan, 2013). This duality is important and may lead to tensions of being a leader who is in charge of a public school. The leader or the principal persistently need to strike a balance that would range between the interests of all the students studying in the scho ol and at the same time marinating the prospects of the students. A school leader needs to maintain and contribute to the sustenance of high-quality teaching and thereby make a meaningful impact in the learning outcome of the students. The strength of the leader lies in successfully leading a team and inspiring them to deliver their best performance. The leader needs to master the art of leading through the creation of a teaching culture that promotes premium-quality teaching that fosters critical thinking and excellence among the teachers. The teachers or the team should be inspired to personalize the instruction so as to cater to the distinctive and unique needs of each children. The team should be motivated to expand their knowledge base and aspire to become better teachers and role model for the children. The leader need to continuously coordinate with the team with the aim to create a high-performance culture in school and contribute to a learning community founded on the value s of professionalism and excellence (Van Oord, 2013). The principals need to develop mutually beneficial relationships with the various services and communication agencies. Innovation is the key success, therefore, the school leader needs to innovate by enhancing the flexibility through the incorporation of changes that would equip the students better to deal with their future. The leader needs to encourage the schools adopt their innovative strategies and encourage them to eliminate obstacles. The leader should inspire the team to usher in productive changes (Berkovich, 2014). The priority of the school would be to learn from each other. This would allow them to mould to different conditions and innovations according to their required contexts. The leader needs to ensure that there is a rethinking of the current schooling system and there is the adoption of different modes of delivery of service based on the requirements of the students (Tummers Knies, 2013). Leaders play an impor tant role in the building of positive relationships through partnership. Through this endeavour, the learning outcome and achievement of the students will be maximized in case of shared understandings and open communication. The leader needs to emphasize on the development of relationships outside the confines of the school premises. The importance of this would be to bring in transformation in the roles and functions of schools and make them the bastion of community values (Paulsen, 2016). Leaders need to be open-minded and seize the opportunities that would be in consonance with the interest of the schools. The leaders should strive to build in partnerships with the local government, industry and the business, government and non-government social actors along with different educational agencies that would promote the capacity of schools to meet with the requirements of the students. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that in Australia there is the provision of conferences, symposiums and seminars that provide an opportunity for the leaders to grow them and master the art of leadership. Leaders in public schools are overburdened with administrative tasks that preclude them from realising their full potential. Transformational leadership has been identified as the key to leading a team successfully. The aim of this kind of leadership is to inspire the team to deliver their best performance. The recommendation for schools would be develop innovative strategies that would motivate the team to create a culture of good teaching. Teachers should feel motivated to expand their horizon of knowledge and inspire the students to realize their full potential. The principal needs to coordinate with different stakeholders in the execution of duties and work like a community in achieving the vision of the school. The schools should prioritize learning from each other and the adopti on of innovative techniques for leading the team. References Bao, G., Wang, X., Larsen, G. L., Morgan, D. F. (2013). Beyond new public governance: A value-based global framework for performance management, governance, and leadership.Administration Society,45(4), 443-467. Berkovich, I. (2014). A socio-ecological framework of social justice leadership in education.Journal of Educational Administration,52(3), 282-309. Eacott, S. (2013). Leadership and the social: time, space and the epistemic.International journal of educational management,27(1), 91-101. Eacott, S. (2013). Towards a theory of school leadership practice: A Bourdieusian perspective.Journal of Educational Administration and History,45(2), 174-188. Faircloth, S. C., Tippeconnic III, J. W. (2013). Leadership in Indigenous education: Challenges and opportunities for change.American Journal of Education,119(4), 481-486. Fitch, K. (2013). A disciplinary perspective: The internationalization of Australian public relations education.Journal of Studies in International Education,17(2), 136-147. Gurr, D., Drysdale, L. (2015). An Australian perspective on school leadership preparation and development: credentials or self-management?.Asia Pacific Journal of Education,35(3), 377-391. Hargreaves, A., Fullan, M. (2014). Capital profesional.Madrid: Morata. Harmon, G. (2015). Australia as an higher education exporter.International Higher Education, (42). Heikka, J., Waniganayake, M., Hujala, E. (2013). Contextualizing distributed leadership within early childhood education: Current understandings, research evidence and future challenges.Educational Management Administration Leadership,41(1), 30-44. Kezar, A., Chambers, A. C., Burkhardt, J. C. (Eds.). (2015).Higher education for the public good: Emerging voices from a national movement. John Wiley Sons. Marion, R., Gonzales, L. D. (2013).Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland press. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Orazi, D. C., Turrini, A., Valotti, G. (2013). Public sector leadership: new perspectives for research and practice.International Review of Administrative Sciences,79(3), 486-504. Paulsen, M. B. (2016).Higher education: Handbook of theory and research(Vol. 31). J. C. Smart (Ed.). Springer. Pazey, B. L., Cole, H. A. (2013). The role of special education training in the development of socially just leaders: Building an equity consciousness in educational leadership programs.Educational Administration Quarterly,49(2), 243-271. Savery, J. R. (2015). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions.Essential readings in problem-based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard S. Barrows,9, 5-15. Tummers, L. G., Knies, E. (2013). Leadership and meaningful work in the public sector.Public Administration Review,73(6), 859-868. Van Knippenberg, D., Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismatictransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 1-60. Van Oord, L. (2013). Towards transformative leadership in education.International journal of leadership in education,16(4), 419-434.

The Crucible Essays (1058 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible The Crucible The play, The Crucible, is one with a vast amount of strength, and intelligence. The play is one in which a small suburban town in Massachusetts is overtaken by the devil, and witchcraft. It accurately retells the historic happenings of what the town of Salem, Massachusetts, went through during the spring of 1692. In this play, many if not all, of the characters make some sort of sacrifice cracter that sacrifices many more substantial things to him, which dramatically changes the course of the play, is John Proctor. In the play, John Proctor sacrificed: his word to Abigail to never tell anyone about their secret affair, his family, and he sacrificed his life to keep his name good in the town. John Proctor sacrificed many very meaningful things, which were ever so dear to him. In the play, The Crucible, John Proctor sacrificed his word to Abigail, to never tell anyone about their affair. While being married to a beautiful wife, Elizabeth, and having children, John Proctor goes and cheats on Elizabeth by having a secret affair with Abigail. John and Abigail had always kept this little secret to themselves and had not told a soul about it. However, when Abigail charges Elizabeth with witchcraft, in order to get closer to John so she can have him, John explains to Abigail that she must drop the charges on Elizabeth, or he will tell the whole town about their affair and it will destroy her well-known, clean, name. To prove this point, John warns Abigail, I will prove you for the fraud you are! (152) John also explains to her, to further her understanding, ?I say I will! If you can still hear, hear this! Can you hear! You will tell the court you are blind to spirits; you cannot see them anymore, and you will never cry witchery again, or I will make you famous f or the whore you are! (152) Also once the court found out that Elizabeth was pregnant with John's baby, they let her go anyway for one year, but they would recapture her again after that one-year was up. Abigail never dropped the charges on Elizabeth so in return, John told the whole town about their affair. John Proctor sacrificed his family. John got fed up with all that everyone was saying about witchcraft and the devil so out of sheer frustration, while in court one day, John shouts out at the top of his lungs I say--- say---God is dead! (119) By saying this, John is instantly sent to jail. After thinking in jail for a short time, he is presented with a disposition. In this disposition, he has to confess that he saw the devil and he was overtaken by witchcraft. If he signs the disposition, then he will be released from jail and let free. However, if he chooses not to sign this disposition, he will be hung. This disposition was then to be hung on the church door for the whole town to see, and act as an incentive for the rest of the townspeople's who have been a victim of witchcraft to come forth and confess for their crime. However John did not want this to happen, he just wanted to confess in words and keep it between him, his wife, the judge's, and the other few onlookers, but they would not allow that. To prove that John Proctor confessed in words, signed the disposition, but would not let them keep it, No, no. I have signed it. You have seen me. It is done! You have no need for this! (142) John felt that his confession in words was just as good as the signed disposition, I have confessed myself! Is there no good penitence but it being in public God does not need my name nailed upon the church! God sees my name; God knows how black my sins are! It is enough! (142) As a result of John not allowing them to keep the disposition showing his confession, he was hung and he sacrificed his family, which in turn made them suffer a great loss. John Proctor sacrificed his own life in order o keep his name white The Crucible Essays (1058 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The Evolution of a Truth Seeker A crucible is a severe test as of patients or belief, a trial. The play The Crucible is a journey through the trials of many townspeople caused by the superstitious belief of witchcraft. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller progresses and evolves the outlooks and views of the townspeople of Salem and shows how events, people, and catastrophes cause the characters to change their views on whether the people prosecuted were guilty or innocent of witchcraft. Reverend John Hale changes his view, more and more drastically as the play advances, as a result of the events that he underwent and the experiences he had. Soon he had total belief in the innocence of all those convicted and hung in Salem. Arthur Miller weaves many events into the story that contribute to the alteration in Hales mindset. In the middle of Act 1, Hale arrives and is perceived by the town as The truth seeker. Hale is called upon to determine what sort of witchcraft, if any, is occurring (Page 33-35). Hale arrives admired by the people, who all want him to claim it was witchcraft that has occurred. Although unsure, he understands he is being led toward the conclusion of witchcraft by the towns false pretences and mass hysteria. He begins to see a weakness in the position of the townspeople of Salem and tries to not let common accusations be the support for his diagnosis. The conversations that Hale has demonstrate the evolution of his mindset. In Act II, Hale is traveling around the town, going house-to-house, searching for accused women to warn them that their names have been mentioned in the court. Soon, Hale finds himself standing at the Proctor home. At this moment, Hale sees a different perspective on the entire situation. Proctor: I I have no witness and cannot prove it, except my word be taken. But I know the childrens sickness had naught to do with witchcraft. Mr. Parris discovered them sportin in the woods. They were startled and took sick. Hale: Who told you this? Proctor: Abigail Williams.(Page 68-69) Originally, Hale was only provided evidence that witchcraft was occurring in the town. Now that he has visited the Proctors home, he finds more support for his suspicion of the girls claims as he finds truth in the words of John Proctor. Abigail Williams told you it had naught to do with witchcraft Why why did you keep this? Nonsense! Mister, I have myself examined Tituba, Sarah Good, and numerous others that have confessed to dealing with the Devil. Thy have confessed it And you would you testify to this in court?(Page 68-69) No longer believing that Abigail and her crew were correct, Hale finally opens his eyes to the new possibility that those who confessed did it for the sake of not being hung. Hale sees the honesty in Procter and believes he is able to trust his word and at last not be as closed-minded about the witchcraft situation in Salem. Abigail Williams and her crew are now appearing in the court. Hale is really perceiving the show that the girls are putting on. Danforth may not be recognizing the lies of the children, but Hale become convinced that the claims of the children are false. I denounce these proceedings. I quit this court(Page 120). Hale is becoming frustrated with the mass hysteria of the town and fed up with the lies of the girls. He can see the lack of truthfulness in all of the testimonies and court appearances of the girls. Later, Hale stands up for his belief in the innocence of the victims even though they have been forced to admit their guilt (Page 130). You will confess yourself or you will hang (Page 117). Postponement means a floundering on my part(Page 129). He starts to realize that the court although, apparently truthful and fair, can be misleading and forceful in finding the guilt or innocence of a person depending on what the court desires. Miller uses the strongest form of influence possible to finally sway Hale into total belief in the innocence of those convicted in Salem. The deaths of the people served as an enormous influence on the opinion